Nutrition

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Author(s): H. Stein and K. de Lange
Publication Date: April 3, 2007
Reference: London Swine Conference, 2007
Country: Canada

Summary:

Due to the increasing grain costs, alternate ingredients and ethanol production co-products can be added to diets to lower feed costs. Distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) has a similar digestible and metabolizable content to corn, and a higher digestible phosphorous content. DDGS has variable ileal digestibility of amino acids, especially lysine. A lysine to crude protein ratio of below 2.8% indicates sub-par quality, and should not be used. When formulating a diet with DDGS energy values similar to corn can be used, inorganic phosphorous can be reduced, and crystalline lysine and calcium should be added. Performance can be maintained with up to 20% inclusion for pigs 2 weeks post-weaning onward, and up to 40% for gestating sows. Problems with DDGS use can include feed bridging in storage, extra room required for storage, and reduced fat firmness. Field peas are another alternative feed ingredient, and they have nutritional profile inbetween corn and soybean meal. When using field peas additional amino acids may need to be added, as methionine, threonine, and tryptophan levels can be limited. Additional lysine and phosphorous can be reduced, though. Grow-finish pigs can have a 60-70% inclusion of field peas with no change in performance or carcass characteristics. Lactating sows can be fed 20-30%, and a 10% inclusion has shown increased litter gain. Wheat shorts, or wheat middlings, have a similar nutritional content to barley, but the actual nutritional value varies between batches. Wheat shorts have a high fiber content, which reduces energy utilization, and amino acid availability is also fairly low. Wheat shorts can decrease feed efficiency if not supplemented with additional fats, but can be fed at 10% for starter diets and 40% for grow-finish pigs or sows. Wheat shorts can also lead to feed flow problems if unpelleted, and reduced carcass dressing percent. Liquid diets can include liquid co-products like whey, whey permeate, and corn steep water. These ingredients can improve growth performance, but will require specialized feeding systems, storage, and formulations. DDGS, field peas, wheat shorts, and liquid co-products are some of the alternative feed ingredients available to reduce feed costs.

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