Denitrification from a Swine Lagoon Overland Flow Treatment System at a Pasturea

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Nitrates in Soil and Water

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Nitrates are chemicals made up of nitrogen and oxygen. They occur naturally in certain vegetables, preserved meat and soil, and are present in both commercial fertilizers and manure. The presence of nitrates in soil is necessary for plant growth. However, excess soil nitrates can contaminate water supplies, creating a potential health concern.

Odour Emissions From Confined Swine Production Facilities

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Odour is diluted by dispersion as it is transported in the atmosphere. The further it travels, the
more it is diluted. Therefore, adequate setback distances are a key in preventing odour
complaints. The important factors that influence odour dispersion are wind, atmospheric stability,
and topography. Odour is carried by wind from the source to the receptor. Therefore, the
prevailing wind direction should be considered when choosing sites for livestock facilities. The
wind direction should be checked before agitating and spreading manure to avoid odour being
carried to neighboring residences by the wind. The atmospheric stability is commonly described by the Pasquill stability classes: A – strongly
unstable; B – moderately unstable, C – slightly unstable; E – slightly stable, F – moderately stable,
and D – neutral (overcast). Odour is diluted quickly when the atmosphere is unstable. Therefore, it
is a good practice to spread manure when the atmosphere is unstable so that odour is diluted to an
acceptable level before it reaches the receptor (residences).

If possible, livestock facilities should be built on relatively flat topography for good dispersion. It
should be avoided to build facilities near hills to prevent the effect of aerodynamic downwash.
Windbreaks (walls, trees and shrubs) may be used to trap odour and dust, and to create more air
turbulences for stronger dispersion. The dispersion theories (eg., Gaussian dispersion model) indicate that increasing the odour
release height reduces odour intensity at the ground level. Exhaust stacks (chimneys) may be used
to raise the release points of the ventilation air, thus to reduce odour complaints originated from
animal buildings.

Fours Years of Hog and Cattle Manure in East-Central saskatchewan: Impact on Soil and Crop Performance

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A study was initiated in the fall of 1996 in east-central Saskatchewan to examine the soil and crop
response to application of liquid hog manure and solid feedlot cattle manure at different rates,
timing and methods of application. Low, medium and high rates of manure (equivalent to 100,
200 and 400 kg total N/ha, respectively) and of urea (50, 100 and 200 kg N/ha, respectively) were
applied in various timing combinations. Field crops (canola, spring wheat, hulless barley and
canola) were seeded in spring of 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. This paper only looks
at the effect of rates of liquid swine manure and solid cattle manure in comparison to rates of urea.
Results show significant crop response to rates of both hog and cattle manure. Effect of hog
manure on grain yield was higher than that of cattle manure and comparable to that of urea.
Annual application of the medium and high rates of hog manure resulted in grain yields similar to those at the low rate. However, annual application of the high rate of hog manure resulted in significant elevation of available N in both the upper (0-60 cm) and the lower (60-120 cm) soil depths. A single application of either hog or cattle manure at the beginning of the study showed no residual effect on either crop or soil by the third year. Cumulative N use efficiency (NUE) of swine manure was lower but comparable to that of urea at the corresponding rates of application.

Environmental Measurements in Production Swine Facilities

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RAISING pH BY LOWa

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Development and Demonstration of a Management System for Handling Liquid Swine Manure that Minimizes Odours and Losses of Nutrients to the Environment

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Cost-Effective Pollution Control by Shallow Injection of Pig Slurry into Growing Crops

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Simulation of Low Temperature Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy and Swine Manure

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Soybean Varietal Response to Liquid Swine Manure Application

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