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Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1999 | No Comments

Mechanistic Models of Ammonia Release from Liquid Manure: a Review

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Mechanistic models of ammonia (NH3) release from liquid manure in 30 available publications are reviewed. They include models of NH3 release in animal houses, from slurry applied fields, from constructed manure stores, from an anaerobic lagoon and from flooded rice and soil systems. The models are decomposed and their general structure is synthesized as a core model combined with some submodels. The theoretical bases of the models are compared. The general model structure, core model and diA

Experiences with Biofilter on a Slatted Floor Hog Barn

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This tudy examined th use of a biofilter for removing odourous gases from exhaust air from a slatted floor pit manure storage swine finishing facility. The objectives of the study were to determine the amount of surface area of biofilter is required for hog space, what the effective residence time of the biofilter is, how much odour can be removed from the air and optimal conditions that promote bacterial growth.

CoveredLaggon System for Swine Waste Treatment and Energy Recovery

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A covered anaerobic lagoon was studied and evaluated its impact on water quality, flow rate measurements, pathogens, odour and biogas production. A two lagoon series was used for waste management, a covered anaerobic lagoon as primary treatment and a traditional lagoon as storage. To monitor performance of the lagoon water quality samples were taken from raw manure and from the covered lagoon. Total phosphorus (TP), ortho-phopsphorus (OP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) were reduced by 74%, 58%, 94%, 93%, 75% and 87% respectively in the covered lagoon system. When pit management included discharging pit every eight days these levels decreased by 62%, 58%, 28%, 18%, 23% and 27% respectively. When pit discharge was moved from 8 to 4 days a significant loading of TKN, NH3-N, TP, OP, COS, TS and VS was observed. Methane production in the anaerobic lagoon was affecrted by discharge frequency and temperature. Significant pathogen reduction was observed. Total coliforms were reduced by three magnitudes in the covered lagoon and one magnitude in the storage lagoon. E. Coli were reduced by 2.5 magnitudes in the covered lagoon and 70% in the storage lagoon. Finally, odour intensity, irriation intensity and unplesantness were reduced by 24%, 37% and 16% respectively in the covered lagoon and 68%, 83% and 33% respectively in the storage lagoon.

Evaluating the Use of Straw and Other Floating Materials to Control Odor Gases from Pig Manure Storage Units

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This study demonstrated that straw applied to outdoor manure storage and other floating covers can effective reduce odour and H2S emissions from these units. These covers are cost effective, ranging in price from $0.08 per square foot for straw cover or $0.40 per square foot for a more premanenet geotextile cover. However, these covers are not without there challenges. The length of time the straw covers stayed afloat varied accordingly to factors like rainfall, depth of manure storage, surface area and manure characteristics. As well, larger manure storage units increase the difficulty in applying the straw in a evenly distributed pattern. During the manure removal process, additional agitation may be required in order to incorporate the straw in the manure.

IMPROVING THERMOPHILIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SWINE MANURE

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Hydrologic Monitoring to Characterize Dominant Controls of Ground-Water Flow and Transport in An Area of Confined Animal Operations on a Mantled Karst Terrane, Northwestern Arkansas

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Methane emissions from an anaerobic swine lagoon

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Daylong Monitoring oof Odor and Gas Emissions from Animal Facilities

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Emision data for hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and odour were measured from a total of seven farm representing 1 poultry, 1 dairy and 5 swine operations. The process consisted of one day sampling at each site with samples being collected every two hours enusring a total of seven sets of data were collected during a 12 hour sampling period. Accoridng to this study, the nursery building has the highest emission rates for odour and hydrogen sulfide. The naturally ventilated swine finishing building has the highest ammonia emsission rate. The data also showed there was no significant differences in terms of the levels of ammonia nd hydrogen sulfide in the daily course for all the animal facilites studied. Ventilation rates play an important role in determining the emission rates of aerial poolutants from animal buildings.

A Manure Nutrient Profile of 100 Missouri Swine Lagoons

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One hundred mature swin lagoons were studied and analyzed for: toal nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, electrical conductivity, total solids, phoasphorus and potassium. Deep lagoons (20-25 ft) has average TKN levels of 1373 mg/L while shallow lagoons (8-12 ft) had TKN levels of725 mg/L. The study also found the variability of niotrogen and electric conductivity to be greater in shallow lagoons than deep lagoons. Deep lagoons exhibited nitrogen levels approximately twice that of shallow lagoons The coefficient of variation values for deep and shallow lagoons indicate significant risk in planning land receiving areas based on average lagoon nitrogen or phosphorus levels. Ammonia nitrogen/TKN levels are approximately equal for deep and shallow lagoons. Surface area to volume ratio appears to strongly influence the equilibrium concentration levels of nitrogen in deep versus shallow lagoons. N/P/K ratios for lagoon effluent and typical mid-west United States crops suggest phophorus will be over applied in most cases when nitrogen is used as the limiting factor. Selection on phosphorus as the limiting nutrient factor will increase thje land use requirements by a factor of 1.3 to 2.8 depending on the crops being grown.