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Industry Partners
Prairie Swine Centre is an affiliate of the University of Saskatchewan
Prairie Swine Centre is grateful for the assistance of the George Morris Centre in developing the economics portion of Pork Insight.
Financial support for the Enterprise Model Project and Pork Insight has been provided by:
Tangential Flow Seperation and Chemical Enhancement to Recover Swine Manure Solids and Phosphorus
Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1998 | No Comments
Potential for Reduction in Odorous Compounds in Swine Manure Through Diet Modification
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Recent public concern about air pollution from pork production facilities has prompted more research to develop methods to reduce and control controls. Masking agents, enzyme and bacterial preparations, feed additives, chemicals, oxidization processoes, air scrubbers, biofilters and new ventilation systems have been studied. Research relating the effects of the swine diet on swine manure odours has been scare. Introducing feed additves to bind ammonia, change digesta pH, affecvt specific enzyme activity, and mask odours has either been costly or not consistently successful. Recent reesearch emphasis has been focusing on manipulating the diet. 1) to increase the nutrient utilization of the diet to reduce excretion products 2) to enhance mcrobial metabolism in the lower digestive tract to reduce excretion of odor-causing compunds 3) to change the physical characteristics of urine anf faces to reduce odor emissions. Primary odor-causing compounds evolve from excess degradable proteins and lack fo specific fermentable acrbohydrates during microbial fermentation. Reductions in ammonia emissions of 28-79% through diet modifications have been reported. Limited research on reduction of other volatile organic compounds through diet modification is promising. Use of synthetic amino acids with reduced intact protein levels in diets significantly reduces nitrogen excretions and odor production. Addition of non-starch ployssacharides and specific olgosacchrides further alters the pathway of nitrogen excretion and reduces odor emissions. Continued nutritonal and microbial research to incorporate protein degradation products, especially sulfur containing organics, with fermentable carbohydrates in the lower gastro-intestinal tract of pigs will further control odours from manure.
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS DURING ANAEROBICALLY STORED 15N-LABELLED PIG SLURRY
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Manure Handling Strategies for Minimizing Environmental Impacts.
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The environmental impact of manure production are presented with the odour and ammonia emissions. Social aspects are discussed as to what are the elements triggering individuals and communities reaction to the environmental impact of agricultural production. A portrait of the possible risks (water contamination, nutrient build up in soil, odour and ammonia emissions to the air) associated with manure storage ((clay-lined or clayey soils made earthen storage) and handling is also presented and reassurance is made indicating that the recommended practices for manure storage and recommended application rates if followed lower those risks. Appropriate manure spreading techniques that favor injection or rapid incorporation of manure over broadcast spreading will also lower the odour emissions and retain more nitrogen which increase the fertilizing value of the manure.
This articles provides general information about the impacts of manure management at a social level as well as at an environmental level. Following good practices that have been established and improving general management are the keys to lower impacts from manure management.
Digestible energy contents and apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in regular or partial mechanically dehulled canola meal samples fed to growing pigs.
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A study was carried out to determine the influence of partial mechanical tail-end dehulling on apparent ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities and digestible energy content in canola meal (CM) samples for growing pigs. Twenty Landrace x Yorkshire barrows, with an initial body weight of 35 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. Digestibilities were determined in 12 experimental diets with observations from five pigs per diet. Five batches of regular CM were obtained from five different crushing plants in Western Canada. A fraction of these batches was partially dehulled. The regular and partially dehulled CM samples were included at 20% in a barley-based diet. One pooled high-fiber CM sample and a straight barley diet were evaluated as well. Partial dehulling increased (P < 0.05) the digestible energy (DE) content from 12.2 to 13.3 MJ kg DM-1, respectively, and the level of crude protein (CP) from 40.6 to 43.8% in regular and partially dehulled CM samples, respectively. The digestibility of threonine was increased (P < 0.05) by partial dehulling, from 72.1 to 75.5%, the digestibilities of CP, lysine methionine and cysteine were not affected (P > 0.05). Only the digestibilities of methionine and threonine were lower (P < 0.05) in the high-fiber CM sample than in the regular and partially dehulled samples. Digestible energy content, which ranged from 10.8 to 14.2 MJ kg DM-1, differed (P < 0.05) between crushing plants for both regular and partially dehulled CM samples. The digestibility of lysine did not differ (P > 0.05) between processing plants for the regular CM samples. The digestibility of lysine did not differ (P > 0.05) between processing plants for the regular CM samples.
In contrast, there were differences (P < 0.05) in lysine digestibility, ranging from 74.8 to 83.8%, and methionine, ranging from 80.4 to 86.9%, between crushing plants for partially dehulled samples. There were low negative relationships between apparent ileal AA digestibilities and NDF, ADF and CF levels (r < 0.39) and between DE content and NDF, ADF and CF levels (r < 0.36) in the CM samples. In conclusion, the reduction in fiber content by mechanical tail-end dehulling increased the supply of DE and the level of CP, but did not influence apparent ileal CP or AA digestibilities, except for threonine which was slightly increased.
Anaerobic, Digestion of Swine Manure: Inhibition by Ammonia
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