Effets de la tremie-abreuvoir sur le volume d'entreposage des lisiers

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1997 | No Comments

Experiments were done to evaluate the effect of wet/dry feeder on the total manure volume produced by pigs. The results showed that for dry feeder and drinkers, the manure produce equals 7.34 L/pig per day and when the pigs are fed using dry/wet feeders, the volume of manure produced is 2,97 L/pig per day. When considering cleaning and extra water needed for manure removal when the wet/dry feeders are used, this lead to total manure volumes of 8,07 L/pig per day for dry feeder and drinker compared to 4,14 L/pig per day for wet/dry feeders. The reduction equals 48% and the results agree with the literature. This conclusion could lead to a change in the standard for the evaluation of the volume required for swine manure storage.

Means to reduce water wastage have to be considered as the excess manure produced has to be stored and subsequently spread. The extra water coming from spillage contribute only in more dilution of the nutrients in the manure.

A slurry Injection System for an ' Off-the Shelf" Cultivator

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PAMI developed a cultivator-based high-volume injection system which:
-maximizes the fertilizer value of liquid swine manure;
-reduces odor during application process;
-reduces the potential of nitrate pollution due to over-application;
-provides will distributed nutrients for efficient crop use;
– can handle slurry trash such as straw, hair, and other foreign material;
– can operate in fields with very heavy surfaces and long stubble.
The key element of the system is a hydraulically powered rotary cutting/distribution system designed specially for the distribution manifold. This manifold is fed by a 500 gal / min (2,202 L / min) umbilical or tanker delivery system and is mounted on a Flexi-Coil 820 chisel of 16 openers placed at 12 inch (300 mm) row spacing. The manifold has been tested in laboratory to assure the uniformity of the application and the whole machine was successfully field tested on 210 acres (85 ha) in 10 inch (250 mm) high barly stubble. The A

Manipulation of Diets to Minimize the Contribution of Private Pigs to Environmental Pollution

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A complete review of the diets manipulation in order to minimize the impacts of swine production on the pollution is done. For copper and zinc, the concentrations in the diet should aim the minimum requirement levels so their excretion in the pig manure should not be a concern. A wide variation in P and N retention efficiency can be observed between farms and can comes from different sources: feed wastage, the availability of N and P, the minimum amounts of N and P required by the animals and the differences between the pigs’ requirements and the levels of P and N available in the diets. To improve the efficiency of P two main measures can be taken: to improve and better assess P availability and to feed the animal closer to its requirements. Reductions in the available P allowances will result in less P excreted by the pigs in their manure and also lower feed costs. 10% less P intake leads to a reduction of at least 15% of P in the manure. To improve the efficiency of N utilization two main measures can also be taken: improve the amino acid (AA) balance in the diet (as almost half of the N excretion could be attributed to a poor AA balance in the diet) and to feed lysine closely to the pigs requirements and to assess the availability of lysine in feedstuffs. A reduction of 10% of the crude proteins level results in a reduction of N of at least 15%. Management practices can considerably improve the mineral balance on farm animals such as phase and split-sex feeding, minimizing feed wastage and a good health status. However more precision in feed evaluation, feed formulation manufacturing and delivery to the animal is also needed to improve situation.

The situation of the measures available to lower the impact of the pigs diets on the environment is well presented and documented. Phytase and lysine are tools to improve the situation but management measures are also the key to the reduction of the pollution from an unbalance nutrient cycle.

Comparaison of Hydrogen Sulfide and Odor Emissions from Animal Manure Storages

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Air samples were taken from approximately 60 differents livestock manure storage units (pigs, dairy, beef and poultry) for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations and odor dilution thresholds or odor level. Odor thresholds determination were realized with an olfactomer and H2S concentrations were measured using either colormetric indicator tubes (concentration between 20 to 120 ppm) or a Jerome TM meter (concentrations lower than 20 ppm). Over 80 measurements were taken during the initial phases of the 2-year projects (fall 1996); the odor threshold values varied from 17 to 1200 odor units and the H2S concentrations ranged from 6 ppb (parts / billion) to 118 ppm (parts / million). No correlation was obtained between odor threshold and H2S concentration.

H2S as ammonia concentrations (presented in other publications) cannot be considered as indicators of odor tresholds or odor levels.

Controlling Manure Odor Emission Using Covers

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See: Malodour Abatement by Different Covering Materials. 1997. D.S. Bundy, X. Li, J. Zhu and S.J. Hoff

Reducing Odour and Noise Conflicts Between Rural Neighbours

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General informations and guidelines are given to reduce and deal with conflicts between rural neighbours considering that the rural population often does not have a direct link to agriculture anymore. Those problems can be odour or noise related. Five SMART methods (Separation, Magnitude reduction, Alteration, Reduction and Timing) are presented to reduce possible odour and noise conflicts. The necessary methods to solve complaints problems are also presented and they are : hearing both sides of the complaint; developing an abatement program; and follow up.

Social Consequences of Environmental Concerns (1)

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The changes in the pork industry with the decline of the number of small producers and the increase number of large scale production units bring concerns about family farming and life quality in rural communities and neighborhoods. Opposition to the expansion of large intensive production units comes mainly from concerns about the environment and the impact on neighborhoods. Controversy comes from the values and belief that have either pork production advocates or critics. Often what is considered by one group as a fact may be judged by the other as a myth. Facts and data, when they exist are often not acceptable to all parties. One factor that can be pointed to explain environmental problems seems to be poor management practices and poor managers. And this is not related to the size of the swine farm or production unit. Large production units well manage may have much less environmental impacts than smaller units where balance between livestock numbers and available land is inappropriate, or if manure is considered as a waste. As changes in the society occur and pork producers become a more of minority even in areas where the number had been once important, it is unreasonable to expect that farming could benefit from exceptions or privileges when environment is considered. Environment has to become an important concern of the pork industry as environmental record is often seen as a good indicator of community commitment. Industry with bad environmental record are often viewed as unwelcome development and become the target of more public scrutiny and regulation.

The elements brought in this article are very interesting in the way they present the situation and the fact that the swine industry advocates and the critics don’t have the same view of the production and don’t see things from the same grounds. However no path of solutions are given. The management seem to be the key toward better respect of the environmenta

Attack of Concrete Floors in Pig Houses by Feed Acids: Influence of Fly Ash Addition and Cement-bound Surface Layers

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Concrete AYoors in pig houses are subject to attack by lactic and acetic acid, formed in spilled and soured mealA?water mixtures. Accelerated degradation tests, comprising cyclical exposure to acidic liquids and detachment of the unstable concrete by brushing, were used to simulate the attack of concrete AYoors and of cementbound surface layers. It is estimated that the eA

EFFECT OF FREE PHOSPHINE ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

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N2O Emission from Redox Controlled Aeraobic Treatment of Pig Slurry

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The experiments were done on a laboratory scale with small manure batches. Further research is needed to study the possibility of nitrous emissions from nitrification and better explain the difference observed between the results and emissions presented in the literature.