Nutrient Balances in Calcareous Soils After Application of Different Rates of Pig Slurry

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1993 | No Comments

This experiment was made in small pots and for a short period of time, conditions that are not quite comparable to real, in the field, conditions where changes can occur in the soil profile. For manure applied at a rate of 100 m3/ha around 365 kg N/ha and 60 kg P/ha and 455 kg N/ha and 65 kg P/ha are than applied to the soil.

A Natural History of the Senses

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1992 | No Comments

An overview of the sense of smell and the psychological reactors it induces including recall memory of events and smells.

Salinity Risks on Calcareous Soils Following Pig Slurry Applications

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The addition of pig slurry to soils of arid and semi-arid areas could result in an increase in salinity of those soils when considering the electrical conductivity of pig slurry. Experiments were done to verify the changes in soil salinity and the results showed that after manure application done at a rate of 400 m3/ha per year or more for a two year period presented a salinity risk as the electrical conductivity and soluble salt concentration had increased. An increase in the soil water-holding capacity, resulted in higher salinity risks. The water soluble potassium concentrations increased the most as potassium is present in manure and was applied at high rates. The composition of the clay fraction in the soil and its cation exchange capacity were determinant factor in the proportion of the potassium proportion in the soil.

The application of manure should be restricted to less than 200m3/ha in arid and semi-arid areas as the risks of salinity increase because of cation exchanges occurring with the sodium salts and manure components in the soil.

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity in swine confinement workers

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Etude en laboratoire du ruissellement et de l'infiltration de l'eau suite a l'epandage du lisier de porc.

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This research was done to verify the impact of manure spreading on the runoff when a rain occurs after the manure has been applied to the soil. As the size of swine production units increase, manure has often to be applied late in the fall or early in the spring regardless of the climatic conditions which could lead to runoff. As the experiments were done in laboratory, the results have to be considered with caution. The real values obtained may not be applicable for fields situations however the general behavior is likely to be the same. When manure is applied, the runoff situation will happen sooner as the soil is already humid by the important volume of liquid applied, the volume of runoff is also increased and the infiltration rate is lower particularly if the rain occur 1 hour after spreading.

Formation de glace dans les reservoirs a lisier

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The ice in manure concrete manure tanks present an additionnal load on the structure and ice thickness has to be determined for a given geographical situation in order to consider it in the design of the structure. Improperly design manure storage structures can fail and cause leakage and environmental contamination.

Ohio Livestock Manure and Wastewater Management Guide

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Animal manure is commonly used as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. Nutrients from manure (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) help build and maintain soil fertility and improve soil properties by adding organic matter. Proper land application of animal manures can yield an economic return by wisely using the available nutrients to meet crop nutrient needs. Excess application of manure is wasteful and can lead to excess nutrients in the soil, pollute surface and ground water, harm crops, and contaminate soil. A buildup of phosphorus beyond a soil-test level of 300 pounds Bray P, can result in a recommendation that no manure be applied for crop production purposes. Application rates of incorporated manure or manure applied to low-runoff-potential sites with a soil-test level of 250 pounds Bray P, may be limited to the crop nutrient removal rate, which is the amount of nutrients removed from the soil by the harvested crop. The same application restrictions may hold for surface-applied on high-runoff-potential sites with a soil-test level greater than 60 pounds Bray P1.
The study goes on to provide an illustration of how to determine the amount of land required for manure application based strictly on crop nutrient removal rates and raw-manure nutrient production rates. For more information refer to “Manure Management Worksheet” and “Determining Recommended Manure-Application Rates”.

Ohio Livestock Manure and Wastewater Management Guide, Bulletin 604-92

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Aspects of a complete management system are discussed for livestock production, starting with having enough land to produce feedstuffs for the animals and ending the production process with the return of the nutrients in the manure to the land for utilization. Informations are given on proper manure management plan and also on ways to operate the system to ensure the success of the livestock production facilities operations while minimizing environmental impacts. A manure management worksheet is also provided to determine annual manure application rates and land requirement for the application of the annual manure production from different livestock facilities.

Decline in spirometric variables in grain workers from start of employment: differential effect of duration of follow up

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Land Application of Liquid Manure in an Environmentally Responsible Manner

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If properly manages liquid manure can provide an excellent source of nutrients for crops. However if handle improperly, liquid manure is a strong pollutant to air, watercourses or groundwater sources.
Adequate localized landbase determination, nutrient management plan and application rate determination are discussed. Tips on being a good neighbour through out manure application operations are also given.