Controlling Swine Manure Odors Using Artificial Floating Scums

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The odor level evaluation was done by the panel members going directly over the barrel to evaluate the offensiveness of each treatment compared to the reference (strongest smelling barrel) on a scale from 10 to 70 (being the strongest smell). This method is based on comparison to the control and the odor level measured cannot be compared to results from other experiments. Permeability tests of the covers were done to measure H2S and ammonia off-gases. Considering the durability test, the odor panel test and the gas permeability test, rice hulls with waste oil and grass with waste oil where the most effective floating materials. However the use of waste oil mixed with other material may not be an environmentally sound way of controlling odor as waste oil can be considered hazardous waste.

Occupational asthma caused by allergy to pigs' urine.

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Acute toxic exposure to gases from liquid manure

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Dung lung: A report of toxic exposure to liquid manure

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1981 | No Comments

Analysis of Particle-Borne Swine House Odors

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Controlling Odors from Livestock Production Facilities: State-Of-The-Art

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This publication gives a broad review of the odor situation as it is in 1981. General information is given on the physiological reactions associated to odor and the complexity of odor is also presented. A list of odorous volatile compounds is given and information about ammonia releases associated to specific practices are also given. Odor measurements are also discussed, presenting olfactometry and also the cotton swatches technique and mentioning that the concentration of certain odor components cannot be considered as odor indicator. The group of odor sources such as feed material, fresh manure, and stored or decomposing manure are to be considered. Odor control principles and approaches are presented being pH control to limit ammonia releases, inhibition of anaerobic decomposition (aeration, usage of bedding, oxidation ditches and aerated lagoons), physical confinement of manure (covered manure storage, anaerobic treatment devices) and finally reduction of exhaust air odor (by air-borne particles removal). The odor control can be done also by the addition of odor control chemicals added to feed or manure. Management practices and different designs can be done to control odor such as proper siting with a proper perimeter separating the livestock production unit and manure storage facilities from the neighbors, consideration in the siting to prevalent wind direction, proper management control to keep the animals clean and frequent manure scraping or flushing and to maintain good storage conditions. A good timing (to avoid nuisances and interference with recreational activities) and techniques (injection, plough right after spreading) for manure disposal are also essential in order to limit complaints from neighbors.

This is a good review of for the time. Many considerations in 1981 are still accurate in 1997 and many questions raised are yet not answered.

Controlling Odors from Livestock Production Facilities

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See the summary of: Controlling Odors from Livestock Production Facilities: State-Of-The-Art. 1981. Miner, J.R.

Fabric Swatches as an Aid in Livestock Odor Evaluations

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The cotton fabric swatches technique is presented as an alternate means to detect odor differences. The technique is simple and requires little equipment and has proved to be satisfactory.

This technique has proven to be ineffective in the determination of odor levels when the odor concentration is moderate to high. See: Livestock Odor Measurement using a Venturi Olfactometer and Odor Sampling using Cloth Swatches. 1997. Nicolai, R.E., L.D. Jacobson, D.R. Schmidt and C. McGinley.

Evaluation of Commercial Products for Odor Control and Solids Reduction of Liquid Swine Manure

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Products from twenty-two companies that are designed to control odors and reduce solids in liquid swine manure were tested in addition to treatments done with : waste oil, activated charcoal, wintergreen oil, chlorine, mecanical aeration and an experimental product formulated at UIUC laboratories. A large panel of 40 to 50 persons were asked to rate odor on a 0-10 scale for odor strenght and also for acceptability (parfume being high for strenght and low for acceptability). The samples were put in black bottles covered with a gauze to be rated by panel members. The results showed a large variability in the results. No fatigue of the panel members was observed as the clean water was always correctly identify and rated. The aeration treatment seemed to present the best performances in odor control however no significant differences could be measured between the different products and treatments. No differences were also observed for solids reduction.

Implications of Applying Copper-Rich Pig Slurry to Grassland – Effects on Plants and Soils

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Experiments were conducted where pig slurry was applied to grassland that were subsequently grazed or harvested. Soils and plant were sampled to determine their copper content. Pot experiments were also performed to help analyze the results. The copper in herbage from field that received manure varied from less than 4ug/g to greater than 100ug/g (4 to 100 ppm). Different factors influenced copper content such as practices’ management, season, precipitation patterns following manure spreading and herbage composition. Copper build-up from slurry application occurred near or at the soil surface.

Lower manure application would result in lower copper concentration in soils. Conclusion on copper toxicity are not presented other than to mention that the copper coming from manure is not more toxic than mineral copper when considering the experiment done to verify the ryegrass seedlings.