Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone

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Veterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)
to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics
are excreted from animals in urine, feces, and manure. Consequently, the lagoons used to
store these wastes can act as reservoirs of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
There is currently no regulation or control of these systems to prevent the spread of these
bacteria and their genes for antibiotic resistance into other environments. This study was
conducted to determine the disinfection potential of chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone
against swine lagoon bacteria. Results indicate that a chlorine dose of 30mg/L could
achieve a 2.2–3.4 log bacteria reduction in lagoon samples. However, increasing the dose of
chlorine did not significantly enhance the disinfection activity due to the presence of
chlorine-resistant bacteria. The chlorine resistant bacteria were identified to be closely
related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. A significant percentage of lagoon
bacteria were not susceptible to the four selected antibiotics: chlortetracycline, lincomycin,
sulfamethazine and tetracycline (TET). However, the presence of both chlorine and TET
could inactivate all bacteria in one lagoon sample. The disinfection potential of UV
irradiation and ozone was also examined. Ultraviolet light was an effective bacterial
disinfectant, but was unlikely to be economically viable due to its high energy
requirements. At an ozone dose of 100 mg/L, the bacteria inactivation efficiency could
reach 3.3
3.9 log.

Gasification of High – Solid – Content Livestock Manure as an Energy Source

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With increased fuel prices and Canada’s commitment to the Kyoto protocol, there has been a renewed interest in gasification, an old technology. Charison’s Turkey Hatchery, of Gunton, Manitoba, produces approximately 705 kg of litter per hour, and has an average electrical energy demand of 353 kW. A need was identified to create value from this waste that may be able to offset energy costs. A survey of gasification technologies in Manitoba showed that despite a large amount of activity, there is still no off-the-shelf solution available to generate electricity from biomass. Litter samples were collected from several barns and sent to the CANMET Energy Technology Centre in Ottawa, Ontario where bench scale gasification tests were done. These tests showed that the loose litter tended to plug up the system, and only a low quality gas was produced. Further testing was preformed by Innovation Technologies (Ireland) Ltd. of Ballycarry, Northern Ireland on similar litter sourced there. These tests determined that, due to the high ash and water content of the fuel and its loose configuration, it would best be gasified mixed with sawdust in pellet form. Should Charison’s install a gasifier on site for the purposes of generating electricity, issues with respect to clinkering and pelletisation would need to be addressed, likely though the development of a gasifier designed specifically for turkey litter. Given this analysis, it is recommended that further development of a gasifier at Charison’s be carried out in conjunction with an organisation that has expertise in gasification for the purposes of electricity generation, through the development of a functional on-site prototype.

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL AS A DATA ANALYSIS TOOL IN PRECISION FARMING

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Greenhouse gas emissions from stored liquid swine manure in a cold climate

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Ecological risks of outdoor pig fattening in organic farming and strategies for their reduction—Results of a field experiment in the centre of Germany

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Culturable Escherichia coli in Soil Mixed with Two Types of Manure

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QUALITATIVE STUDY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WASTEWATERS OF A SWINE SLAUGHTERHOUSE

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Nitrogen oxides emission from soils bearing a potato crop as influenced by fertilization with treated pig slurries and composts

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Economic Assessment of Manure Phosphorus Regulations for Manitoba's Pig Industry: Part 2 Overall impact at the Provincial Scale

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The objective of this part of the study is to estimate the effect proposed phosphorus
regulations in Manitoba will have on manure management costs to the Province’s pig producers
(individually and in aggregate), should the regulations come into effect. The task is to apply the
framework for analysis outlined in Part 1 to determine an estimated annual Provincial cost. To establish an aggregate estimate of changed manure management costs requires first a determination of the estimated cost at the individual operation or farm level. The individual costs can then be aggregated to determine an estimate at the Provincial level. For the individual operation, the cost estimation is a three-step process: first, establish a N-based
cost and land area (cost and land area that relates to standard nitrogen-based application);
second, establish the cost and land area required under compliance to the new regulations; third,
subtract the second estimates from the first to determine the changes. The estimated added annual cost to the Manitoba pig industry under a maximum threshold
regulation of 2xPhosphorus removal of 17.88 million dollars represents about 18% of the
estimated annual 2005 net income accruing to pig producers in the Province. The estimated
added annual cost under a maximum threshold regulation of 1xPhosphorus removal of 27.86
million dollars represents about 28% of the estimated annual 2005 net income accruing the pig
producers in the province.

A bench-scale aeration study using batch reactors on swine manure stabilization to control odour in post treatment storage

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A bench-scale study on swine manure stabilization for odour control was conducted using
batch aeration reactors. In trial 1, two aeration lengths, i.e., 0.5 and 4.0 day, were used
under uncontrolled ambient temperature that increased gradually over the experimental
period. While in trial 2, a 16.0-day aeration scheme was employed under constant 17 1C. An
airflow rate of 1.2 L/s/m3 was used for both trials to aerate batch reactors containing
finishing pig manure with initial total solids (TS) levels ranging from 0.5 to 4.0%. Manure
stabilization during the 90-day post-treatment storage was evaluated by the changes in
organic materials, nitrogen and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The odour generation potential in
the treated manure was determined by the changes in VFA. Up to 827mL of liquid was lost
due to aeration related foaming. The reductions in total volatile solids (TVS), 5-day
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and VFA during storage
were improved when aeration length increased. Low solids levels offered a more
advantageous circumstance for manure stabilization and odour control. Biodegradation
of organic matter, removal of nitrogen, and breakdown of VFA would increase with
increasing ambient temperature. VFA removals in manure under 16.0-day aeration were
higher than those under 0.5- and 4.0-day aeration; however, VFA regeneration started to
exceed its consumption on day 20 (4 days after the aeration treatment). BOD5 was the best
estimate of VFA concentration in the aerated manure during storage. The 4.0-day aeration
scheme was sufficient to stabilize manure to effectively assuage odour generation potential
during the 90-day storage under increasing ambient temperature conditions.