Disinfection of swine wastewater using chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 2006 | No Comments

Veterinary antibiotics are widely used at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)
to prevent disease and promote growth of livestock. However, the majority of antibiotics
are excreted from animals in urine, feces, and manure. Consequently, the lagoons used to
store these wastes can act as reservoirs of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
There is currently no regulation or control of these systems to prevent the spread of these
bacteria and their genes for antibiotic resistance into other environments. This study was
conducted to determine the disinfection potential of chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone
against swine lagoon bacteria. Results indicate that a chlorine dose of 30mg/L could
achieve a 2.2–3.4 log bacteria reduction in lagoon samples. However, increasing the dose of
chlorine did not significantly enhance the disinfection activity due to the presence of
chlorine-resistant bacteria. The chlorine resistant bacteria were identified to be closely
related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. A significant percentage of lagoon
bacteria were not susceptible to the four selected antibiotics: chlortetracycline, lincomycin,
sulfamethazine and tetracycline (TET). However, the presence of both chlorine and TET
could inactivate all bacteria in one lagoon sample. The disinfection potential of UV
irradiation and ozone was also examined. Ultraviolet light was an effective bacterial
disinfectant, but was unlikely to be economically viable due to its high energy
requirements. At an ozone dose of 100 mg/L, the bacteria inactivation efficiency could
reach 3.3
3.9 log.

Gasification of High – Solid – Content Livestock Manure as an Energy Source

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With increased fuel prices and Canada’s commitment to the Kyoto protocol, there has been a renewed interest in gasification, an old technology. Charison’s Turkey Hatchery, of Gunton, Manitoba, produces approximately 705 kg of litter per hour, and has an average electrical energy demand of 353 kW. A need was identified to create value from this waste that may be able to offset energy costs. A survey of gasification technologies in Manitoba showed that despite a large amount of activity, there is still no off-the-shelf solution available to generate electricity from biomass. Litter samples were collected from several barns and sent to the CANMET Energy Technology Centre in Ottawa, Ontario where bench scale gasification tests were done. These tests showed that the loose litter tended to plug up the system, and only a low quality gas was produced. Further testing was preformed by Innovation Technologies (Ireland) Ltd. of Ballycarry, Northern Ireland on similar litter sourced there. These tests determined that, due to the high ash and water content of the fuel and its loose configuration, it would best be gasified mixed with sawdust in pellet form. Should Charison’s install a gasifier on site for the purposes of generating electricity, issues with respect to clinkering and pelletisation would need to be addressed, likely though the development of a gasifier designed specifically for turkey litter. Given this analysis, it is recommended that further development of a gasifier at Charison’s be carried out in conjunction with an organisation that has expertise in gasification for the purposes of electricity generation, through the development of a functional on-site prototype.

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL AS A DATA ANALYSIS TOOL IN PRECISION FARMING

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Greenhouse gas emissions from stored liquid swine manure in a cold climate

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Ecological risks of outdoor pig fattening in organic farming and strategies for their reduction—Results of a field experiment in the centre of Germany

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Culturable Escherichia coli in Soil Mixed with Two Types of Manure

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QUALITATIVE STUDY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WASTEWATERS OF A SWINE SLAUGHTERHOUSE

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Nitrogen oxides emission from soils bearing a potato crop as influenced by fertilization with treated pig slurries and composts

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Economic Assessment of Manure Phosphorus Regulations for Manitoba's Pig Industry: Part 2 Overall impact at the Provincial Scale

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The objective of this part of the study is to estimate the effect proposed phosphorus
regulations in Manitoba will have on manure management costs to the Province’s pig producers
(individually and in aggregate), should the regulations come into effect. The task is to apply the
framework for analysis outlined in Part 1 to determine an estimated annual Provincial cost. To establish an aggregate estimate of changed manure management costs requires first a determination of the estimated cost at the individual operation or farm level. The individual costs can then be aggregated to determine an estimate at the Provincial level. For the individual operation, the cost estimation is a three-step process: first, establish a N-based
cost and land area (cost and land area that relates to standard nitrogen-based application);
second, establish the cost and land area required under compliance to the new regulations; third,
subtract the second estimates from the first to determine the changes. The estimated added annual cost to the Manitoba pig industry under a maximum threshold
regulation of 2xPhosphorus removal of 17.88 million dollars represents about 18% of the
estimated annual 2005 net income accruing to pig producers in the Province. The estimated
added annual cost under a maximum threshold regulation of 1xPhosphorus removal of 27.86
million dollars represents about 28% of the estimated annual 2005 net income accruing the pig
producers in the province.

Extension Award for Lee Whittington

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Saskatoon – Lee Whittington, the Manager of Information Services for the Prairie Swine Centre of Saskatoon, is the recipient of this year’s Animal Industries Award in Extension and Public Service from the Canadian Society of Animal Science.

The award is to recognize outstanding service to the animal industries of Canada in technology transfer, leadership, and education in animal science. It’s sponsored by the Canadian Pork Council, Chicken Farmers of Canada and Dairy Farmers of Canada.

Lee Whittington’s largest and highest profile project was the Pork Interpretive Gallery (P.I.G.) constructed within the Prairie Swine Centre’s Elstow Research Farm. He raised more than a million dollars with half of that amount coming from the pork industry to finance the construction and initial operation of the gallery.

“The Pork Interpretive Gallery would never have happened without Lee’s tireless efforts,” notes John Patience, President of the Prairie Swine Centre. “Through his vision, the industry has a wonderful facility to showcase the pork industry to young people and the general public.”

Lee Whittington’s other accomplishments include:

· a quarterly newsletter that reaches 4,500 prairie producers four times a year.

· the first nation-wide satellite conference held for the pork industry (‘95 to ‘99).

· study tours to the United States for Canadian pork producers and consultants.

· the first training course focusing on Hydrogen Sulphide Awareness training

· the first Canadian web-based database for the swine industry providing easy search access to thousands of research reports.

In addition to scores of published research reports, Lee Whittington is a popular speaker throughout North America. He has presented in eight Canadian provinces, 6 U.S. states, Scotland, England, The Netherlands, Denmark and Ukraine.

“Technology transfer isn’t complete until we have achieved technology adoption by the commercial industry,” says Whittington, who joined the Prairie Swine Centre in 1992. “Research results have no value sitting on a shelf.”

In 1979, Lee Whittington graduated from the University of Guelph with a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. Believing in continuous improvement, Lee has continued to upgrade his education, completing the Advanced Agricultural Leadership Program (Ontario) in 1989, and an MBA in 1997 at the University of Saskatchewan.

Prairie Swine Centre Inc., located in Saskatoon, is a non-profit research corporation affiliated with the University of Saskatchewan, and is recognized globally for its contributions to practical, applied science in pork production in the disciplines of Nutrition, Engineering and Animal Behaviour.