Anaerobic Decomposition of Swine Manure and Ammonia Generation in a Deep Pit

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1996 | No Comments

The drive to stiffle odor

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As livestock odors are not currently regulated by federal statutes and generally not regulated by state air pollution control agencies, many states and local government units have established regulatory guidelines for new livestock facilities constructions. Guidelines may include information about minimum distances, restricted use of anaerobic lagoons or control of manure disposal areas. More attention should be given to manage the lagoons: recycling the waste material on the land (as fertilizer), making sure the bottom of the lagoon is sealed, limiting the amount of material stored (limiting the water used for waste processing) (from P. Goodrich, professor Univ. of Minnesota). Additives to reduce odor are also discussed by R. Miner (bioresource engineer Oregon State Univ.) and P. Goodrich. Data on manure reduction from additives are not always conclusive and Miner mention that it would be unrealistic to anticipate that even noticeable odor changes obtained from additives to fresh manure or changes in diet would persist during manure decomposition and anaerobic storage. J. Van Horn (dairy scientist at Univ. of Florida) adds that as some additives may reduce the concentration of a specific odorous compound in the manure, but this additive doesn’t reduce the overall odor intensity making the product’s effectiveness very limited and its use economically uninteresting. Lagoon and feed additives are being studied by many scientist in Iowa State Univ. North Carolina State Univ. and Univ. of Florida. At North Carolina State Univ. researchers are also studying improved methods to utilize animal wastes and control odor and a project is done to find ways to reducing odor (preliminary findings point trees, barn cleanliness slurry aeration and liquid-solid separation as factors in the odor solution) and determine when odor become a nuisance. Researchers at Purdue Univ. and Penn State Univ. are studying dietary manipulation for odor reduction.

This article contains a lot of information. As some researchers question the ability of additives to control and reduce odor we can see that many teams in different U.S.Univ. are currently working on those additives. Solutions may lay in a combination of different practices to realize significant odor reductions.

Review of the Use of Swine Manure in Crop Production: Effects on Yield and Composition and on Soil and Water Quality

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Protein Deposition in Growing and Finishing Pigs

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Weaning stress is affected by nutrition and weaning methods.

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Observations on behaviour and skin damage of slaughter pigs and treatment during lairage.

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Effect of space allowance during transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of lambs during and after transport.

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Digestion Shift Reduces Waste Output

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Countries such as Denmark are urged to reduce feed antibiotic usage because of possible residues in meat and manure. Feed enzymes may be a profitable solution. They are natural catalysts and compliment the pigs own intestinal enzymes helping to digest raw materials in the diet. Pigs with feed enzymes in the diet have improved digestibility, need less feed intake to maintain growth and excrete less manure. Feed enzymes can contribute to reducing pollution risks by decreasing the nitrogen concentration in the manure spread on the land.

The effect of timing of floor-application of mineral oil on dust concentrations in a swine farrowing unit.

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Three farrowing rooms, each housing 5 sows and litters, were used to study the effects of floor applied mineral oil on dust concentrations (>0.5 mu m diameter). Rooms were ventilated at a similar rate (266 L/s). Three treatments were considered over a 3 week duration: oil was applied on day 8, 15, and 22; oil was applied only on day 8; and no oil was applied. Oil applied to pen floors at a rate of 24 mL/m(2) using a low pressure hand sprayer was found to be effective. Dust concentrations (particles/mL), wet and dry bulb temperatures, ventilation rate, and total piglet mass per room were recorded on day 9, 16, and 23 in each treatment. At day 23, dust concentrations 24 h before measurement were 0.8 particles/mL, oil applied only on day 8 were 5.5 particles/mL, and the concentration when no oil was applied was 5.6 particles/mL. The greatest increase in dust concentration occurred between weeks 2 and 3 when growth rate of the piglets was most rapid. Applying oil 24 h before measurement resulted in an average dust reduction of 73%. At week 3, the respirable particle production rates were 5, 25, and 30 particles/s per pig for oil applied 24 h and 15 d before measurement and no oil application, respectively.

Composting Solid Swine Manure and Lignite Mixtures with Selected Plant Residues

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