Ammonia Volatilization Following Surface-Applied Pig and Cattle Slurry in France

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The results presented by this experiment are very interesting. Air and soil temperatures and also dry matter content had a significant influence on ammonia emission and an increase in those values resulted in a increase in ammonia emission. The variation associated with the time of the day for spreading could be explained by the higher evaporation rate that usually occur in mid-day resulting in higher temperature and also less infiltration.

Farm Waste, Nitrogen and the Greehouse Effect

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The microbial processes occurring in the soil result in atmospheric emission of N2O as a result of nitrification and denitrification. The organic matter going through the mineralisation process is transformed to ammonium-N (NH4-N) which is than transformed by nitrification to nitrate-N (NO3-N) and the denitrification transform the nitrate to nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen gas (N2). Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas and some factors are thought to control its emission for soil transformation and they are: soil type, slurry type, rate and application season. As denitrification process requires anaerobic conditions, application in dry soil conditions would result in lower N2O emissions. Lower emissions are also observed when manure application is done during the crop growing season and when plant uptake of nitrate occurs. Larger application rates will result in greater emissions of N2O. Experiments showed that the emissions were higher in clay soils than in sandy soils following the same manure and applications. And pig manure which N content is generally than dairy manure leads to more important N2O production.

The transformation occurring in the soil to nitrogen compounds can result in N2O emissions which is a greenhouse gas. Ammonia emissions following manure application have been investigated but information is also needed on the other N compounds emission as they can impact on the environment and those N losses change the N available to the plants or the N that can leach.

A Study on the Air Flow and Odor Emission Rate from a Simplified Open Manure Storage Tank

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Understanding the Impacts of Large-Swine Production.

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This document is the result of a two year process that has been realized in Iowa in order to provide the best available scientific answers to citizen and producer questions and concerns about large scale swine production. The process started with a regional/national conference on Livestock production for sustainable rural communities and producer surveys to collect the concerns/questions. Scientific workshop were than organized to responds to the questions/concerns with representative of from Iowa’s University. An interdisciplinary scientific workshop was than held to give answesr to the concerns/questions and the proceedings were prepared. The proceedings are divided in chapters in order to discuss by many scientists chosen nationwide different aspects related to the swine industry. Those chapters are: water quality, air quality, social isues, economic development and occupational health. In each of these chapters, the concerns/questions are answered directly, conclusions are drawn and the research needs are expressed.

ASSESSMENT OF THE MAGNITUDE OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

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Removal of vitamins and trace minerals from finishing diets

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Maximizing net income from pork production requires consideration of all aspects of diet formulation. Energy is the most expensive component of the diet, followed closely by amino acids. While representing a smaller portion of the total feed bill, minerals and vitamins still represent a significant expense, one which needs to be reflected in benefit to the pig and value to the pork producer. The finishing phase of production was targeted in this study because this is the period when most of the feed is consumed. In addition, it is known that certain vitamins are effectively stored in the liver and fatty tissue and also that cereal grains and other dietary components contain significant quantities of at least some of the vitamins which are less effectively stored by the pig. With animals destined for market, there would be no need to consider the impact on subsequent reproductive performance. This experiment was conducted to determine if removal of vitamins and trace minerals from the finishing diet for periods of approximately 3 or 5 weeks prior to slaughter would affect the animal performance and carcass merit. No differences among treatments were observed, suggesting that removal of such supplements may be without affecting animal performance or well-being. The economic benefit of such a change will vary among farms, depending on the current cost of supplementation; it is estimated that a typical savings of about $1.00 per pig sold may be realized.

A review of the veterinarian's role in the handling of down/disabled cattle.

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An experimental investigation of the costs and benefits of beak trimming in turkeys.

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Air Leakage and Ventilation Effectiveness for Confinement Livestock Housing

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Evaluation of Meteorological Techniques for Measurements of Ammonia Loss from Pig Slurry

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As ammonia emissions occur shortly after spreading, the response of the equipment used to measure those emissions have also to be rapid and accurate. The new analyssing technique seems to present those two characteristics.