Animal production and European pollution problems

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1995 | No Comments

Slurry Application to Grazed Grassland – Selection or Rejection

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As no manure spreading should be done during the winter, storage is necessary and manure has to be applied during the spring. On pasture that will be grazed or cut for silage, manure spread on surface can lead to high level of contamination with possible transfer of disease organisms to grazing stock and also result in herbage rejection. Shallow injection reduce those risks and using this technique, application can be done more frequently with lower application rates. Tested were done with cattle to verify if manure application would result in herbage rejection. The experiment compared manure applied on surface thus contaminating the herbage, manure injected in the soil at a shallow depth and no application. The cattle preference went to herbage that did not received manure, followed by manure injection where they could graze as soon as 10 min. after the application and finally when the animal don’t have the choice than graze on the contaminated swards they seemed to adapt. More research is being done to evaluate herbage intake and milk yield of dairy cows grazing under the two manure application technique.

Frequent and low rate manure application can lead to improvement in the pasture yield. No information is given on the risk of disease transmission and also on the milk quality particularly for the surface manure application.

Assessment of odours from livestock wastes by a photoionization detector, an electronic nose, olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

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The development of equipments that could measure odour concentration is important. This would enable odour emission analysis on situs at a lower cost than olfactometry which requires odor collection in sampling bags and sample analysis from a panel. This could also be interesting as some odour compounds are chemically unstable and can change during the analysis delay. However odor evaluation with only equipments is not a technology that can be used right now as more research has to be done to improve.

Swine-Lagoon Seepage in Sandy Soil

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Stereotypic behaviours in sows

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Pregnant sows housed in modern production facilities often develop abnormal behaviours called stereotypies. These behaviours are characterized as regularly repeated movements that are morphologically identical and apparently useless. In sows these usually consist of oral movements such as biting and chewing directed at different parts of the animala

Equine transportation problems and some preventives: a reveiw.

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Euthanasia of day-old chicks with carbon dioxide and argon .

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Degree Days and Energy Saving: Analysis of a Method of Calculation for an Optimal Microclimate in Livestock Buildings

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Dust control in pig houses by spraying rapeseed oil.

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Airborne dust concentrations in pig houses were reduced by spraying with a mixture of water and rapeseed oil (1 to 4 treatments d-1). The daily doses of oil (5 to 64 mL pig-1 d-1) were varied as the oil concentrations (5 to 20%) and the duration of the spraying time (5 to 90 s d-1) were changed. The treatment did not cause an increase of the average concentration of vegetable oil in the air. No pathological lung change in the pigs related to the treatment with rapeseed oil was found and no indication of oil resorption to lung tissues, lymph nodes, or upper respiratory systems in the pigs was seen. Long-term observations in houses for piglets, young pigs and fattening pigs at a commercial farm showed that the respirable dust was reduced by 76, 54 and 52%, respectively. No significant difference in pig performance between treated and reference groups was found. A farmer, whose lung function usually decreased when weighing fattening pigs, was not affected when the house was treated. This suggests that a substantial improvement in the working environment can be achieved by spraying a vegetable oil in pig houses.

Hurst, C.J.

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