Reduction of protein content in the diet for piglets to minimize N excretion

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1993 | No Comments

The experiment was done on 128 piglets to verify the effect of the crude protein level for diets having the same level of digestible energy and the same combination of amino acids. The results presented show that the crude protein level could be lower to 17% and thus as long the first limiting amino acids are supplied and no antimicrobial growth promotants are given to the piglets.

An open chamber technique for determination of methane emission from stored livestock manure

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The feasibility of an open chamber technique for measuring CH[4] emissions from farm scale pig slurry (PS) and pig solid manure (PSM) storages was examined. Emission rates were over-estimated considerably when the ratio between the area of the inlet and outlet ports was below 5 and 8 for chambers operated on PS and PSM, respectively. A first-order equation describing the chamber ventilation rate necessary to obtain steady state conditions showed high correlation with experimental data. For ventilation rates of 2-3 cm min[-1] steady state was established after 40-54 min. The CH[4] emission from PS was controlled by the transfer resistance in the liquid phase leading to a low effect of wind speed

Ammonia Emissions from Various Pig Housing Systems

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The ammonia emissions from different housing systems and animal species are presented and show that the higher emissions (g ammonia/ hour – livestock unit (500 kg bodyweight)) come from chicken production followed by fattening pigs on fully slatted floor( 2,38 g NH3/ h-LU). Fattening pigs on deep litter come third (2,15 g NH3/ h-LU) followed by fattening pigs on partly slatted floor (less than 50% of the floor surface slatted) (1,35 g NH3/ h-LU) . Lower emissions are measured in nurseries (1,3 g NH3/ h-LU) and farrowing buildings (0,65 g NH3/ h-LU for farrowing and 0,93 for served gilts for sows) as well as for cattle buildings. With the all in -all out technique, as the animal grow, the ventilation rate will also increase which is a factor for increasing ammonia emissions per building. The planning of air cleaning systems become than more complicated.

A note on the effect of deep-litter housing on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

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Deep-litter can be an alternative for liquid manure and for improvement of the pig’s welfare. The litter used was sawdust and the performances of the pigs on deep-litter were slightly higher. The author attribute this improvement to better thermal comfort of the animal as they lay on a warm surface rather than directly on concrete. The microorganisms activity of the litter result in an increase in temperature of the material. However, if we set aside the reduction of the manure volume obtained when using the deep-litter, more important losses of nitrogen is done to the atmosphere under the form of NH3 but also N2O and NOx (composting process) than for liquid manure systems.

Effect of porcine somatotropin and dietary protein level on the nitrogen losses of pigs.

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The use of somatotropin is not allowed presently in Canada. However the results on N retention obtained with the use of this hormone are very interesting and could lead to better overall performances and reduction of the N excreted. The cost involved with the use of this hormone is not given.

Water Consumption and Wastage

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This short article looks at ways to minimize water watage. The authors state that sluury can include 25-30% cleaning water, drinking water wastage and precipitation in porker and sow pens. Water consumption, slurry/liquid manure production and handling costs are considered.

Reduction of Ammonia Emission from Slurry by Application of Liquid Top Layers

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The experiments were done in a laboratory. It must be reminded that the figures given consider only the ammonia emission reduction from the manure pit which represents only a source of emission in the building (wet or soiled floor or slats are also ammonia sources). More work as to be done on real scale to determine the best type of liquid to be used on economical and environmental points of view and also the best manure removal techniques that would retain the top liquid layer in the pit.

The Fate of Nitrogen in Pig Slurry Applied to a Pasture Soil in New Zealand

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The manure applied was analyzed and the total N content equaled 1420 mg N/kg of slurry; ammonium-N was 1200 mg/kg and nitrate-N was 0 mg/kg. Ammonia losses occurred within the first seven days following application. The application rates equivalent to 200 kg N/ha for the slurry used equals to 140 ton slurry/ha and for 600 kg N/ha to 425 ton slurry/ha.

Effect of three protein feeding strategies, for growing-finishing pigs, on growth performance and nitrogen output in the slurry and in the air

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An efficient way to reduce the N excretion in the manure (-23% in this study) as well as N gaseous emissions from the building (-25%) is to lower the protein supply in the diet of growing-finishing pigs and improve the amino acids balance.

Performances of Earth Tube Heat Exchangers to Ventilate a Growing-Finishing Swine Building

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