Energy Use in the Production and Housing of Poultry and Swine – An Overview

Posted in: Energy by admin on January 1, 1989 | No Comments

Effect of purge ventilation on the concentration of airborne dust in pig buildings.

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A short period of high ventilation is sometimes used in piggeries to improve air quality. The effect of a 10 min period of high ventilation during the normal operation of 2 ventilation systems was studied. In a building with automatically controlled natural ventilation (ACNV) the purge produced a 60% reduction in estimated total dust concn. Most of the reduction occurred in the first 2 min. Dust concentrations increased rapidly after the purge, although not necessarily to the initial concn. The purge creates a significant reduction in air temperature for a short period. The effect of the purge in a building with an air recirculation system is not so clear. The number of airborne particles were reduced, but the benefits were partly offset by an increase in particle suspension from the ventilation ducts. The purge may be most beneficial after periods of high dust production, such as feeding or weighing.

Relationship between Volatile Fatty Acids, Total Ammonia, and pH in Manure Slurries

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The work realized during this experiment explain the pH changes occurring during manure aeration and the resulting ammonia emission.

Environmental and health studies of farm workers in Swedish swine confinement buildings

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Respiratory symptoms among Swedish swine producers

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Effects of exposure to dust in swine confinement buildings–a working group report

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Zoonoses

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Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are called zoonoses or zoonotic diseases. They are difficult to control because the existence of an animal reservoir makes it hard to eliminated them. Consider, for example, the problems involved in controlling rodents in the deserts of the southwestern United States that are infected with the plague, or larger herds of wildebeest that carry sleeping sickness in Central Africa. Animal related diseases have caused untold damage to people in the past and continue to be of enormous concern, especially in the tropical areas of the world.

Zoonoses are defined as those infectious diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. The word is derived from the Greek, “zoon”, meaning animal, and “nososs”, meaning disease. The greatest risk of acquiring zoonoses are of course those who work in close proximity to animals, like farmers, veterinarians, slaughterhouse workers, and animal researchers. The most common sources of zoonotic diseases are domestic animals, namely pets and farm animals. Over 100 million cats and dogs are kept as pets in the United States, and although they are rare, more than 30 human diseases can be acquired from them.

With the international movement of animals, importation of zoonotic diseases from one geographical locale to another takes place with increasing frequency. For example, Marburg virus disease was first documented in laboratory workers in Germany after they had contact with monkeys imported from Africa for use in vaccine research.

Lower Nitrogen Excretion in Pig Husbandry by Feeding : Current and Future Possibilities

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The environmental situation in the Netherlands is well presented. The means for nutrients reduction are also well covered particularly for nitrogen. Information on the legislation is also presented.
In the Netherlands, the amount of P applied to was regulated in 1987 regulations, with decreasing amount up to 1995. Maximum application of P2O5 of 250 kg/ha decreasing to 175 in 1995 on grassland; 350 kg/ha to 175 for maizeland and 125 kg/ha for arable land. Prohibition periods for application are also given for sandy soils and other soils however these periods consider their shorter cold winter.

Lagoon Planning and Design for Livestock Systems

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1988 | No Comments

Broad information is given on manure design and emphasis is put on the need of proper management to make sure that biodegradation is done in the lagoon therefore minimizing odors and other nuisance. Proper desigh will tend to lower the maintenance needs as manure management is a lower priority in swine industry. Emissions from lagoons are important particularly for the nitrogen. Nutrients are then lost to the atmosphere as NH3, NOX, N2O and N2. The biodegradation is possible only under relativley warm weather conditions (higher 10 C). In Canada, these conditions are not reach during periods of time that are long enough to make manure treatment in lagoons.

As presented lagoons has to be considered as a storage system in most of Canada and not as an anaerobic treatment as it is used in many of the southern states in the U.S.

Spreading of Slurry on Ley

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The results obtained are interesting concerning strip application. Not much analysis is done to explain the fact that for the same nitrogen fertilizing level, the fertilization done with the slurry resulted in less yield. No statistical analysis is presented to help analyze the results.