Odor Control of Liquid Dairy and Swine Manure Using Chemical and Biological Treatments

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1975 | No Comments

The short term control experiments showed effective odour and sulfide reduction from the treatment of swine manure with hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and potassium permanganate dosed at 500 ppm. The most cost effective one being hydrogen peroxide. Long term control experiments done with dried enzymes, dried bacteria and orthodichlorobenzene did not reduced the odour nor the sulfide.

The rating technique was used in this experiment to evaluate the odour changes with the treatment.

Identification and Measurement of Volatile Compounds Within a Swine Building and Measurement of Ammonia Evolution Rates From Manure-Covered Surfaces

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Air samples are taken in the vicinity of livestock production facilities and trapped for chromatographic and mass spectrographic analyses. From samples taken in swine buildings, thirty different compounds were identify and for eight of them the concentration was determined. A sampling box has also been developped for ammonia emission measurements from earth, building, and treatment surfaces. This sampling box allows also for total gaseous emission capture for a define area and a specific sampling period.
Details are given on the equipments and methodology used.

Correlating odour intensity index and odorous components in stored dairy manure

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1974 | No Comments

Odors associated with animal production are a problem of increasing significance. Conflicts resulting from livestock and poultry odors emphasize the need for a better understanding of odor production and control. Four reactor units that stored dairy manure were used in this study. Supernatant was drawn from the manure. Total volatile organic acids were determined by a variation of the dilution method. An odor panel was established and an odor intensity index was established using the triangle test. The odor panel surveyed the flasks and filled out an answer sheet. Of the three odorants involved, the odor intensity index correlated best with volatile organic acid concentration, next best with hydrogen sulphide and poorest with ammonia.

Some waste problems in pig production

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Identification of gases in a confinement swine building atmosphere

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1972 | No Comments

The swine confinement farmer must contend with two related problems, that of odour control, and of waste disposal. Odour problems can be related directly to manure handling methods. When manure is quickly removed away from the animals, they and the building remain cleaner and odour is reduced. Sources of odour are introduced when the manure is stored nearby, or below the animal quarters.
It is important to control these odours to avoid a variety of problems. These include community complaints, the possible toxicicity of these gases on human and animal health, and lastly to avoid and possible structural damage. This study examines the constituents of the gaseous atmosphere inside the confinement building, particularly those derived from the breakdown of the animal wastes. The odour properities and toxicity to health is then taken into consideration.

Olfactometry Measurement of Animal Manure Odor

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Olfactometry measurements were done using a scale from 0 to 10 to rate the odour on offensiveness (quality and strength) and presence (intensity or strength). Olfactometry tests were done directly on manure samples and control samples that were not visible to the panel members. The results showed that the rating method provides valuable information for comparing manure handling and treatment systems. The results should be used for comparison only.

This provides interesting information on olfactometry at its beginning.

Testing Air-Filtering Systems I. Procedure for Testing High-Efficiency Air Filters on Exhaust Systems

Posted in: Air Filtration, Pork Insight Articles by admin on March 22, 1963 | No Comments

Researchers at the National Animal Disease Laboratory have developed a procedure for evaluating high-efficiency filters mounted in exhaust ducts. To test the filters, the aerosol organisms Escherichia coli B T3 bacteriophage, was generated in a chamber attached to to a ceiling exhaust register in concentration of at least 1000 organisms per three feet of air. Samples were collected from the pre- and post-filter areas, and the number of organisms per three feet was determined. The efficiency of the filter was calculated from the 269 filters tested. Of the 269, 249 had efficiencies of 98% or better. The remaining 20 were repaired and retested. No filter was accepted with an efficiency below 98%.

Analysis of genetic diversity in four Canadian swine breeds using pedigree data.

Posted in: Production by admin on April 12, 0201 | No Comments

Conservation of animal genetic resources entails judicious assessment of genetic diversity as a first step. The objective of this study was to analyze the trend of within-breed genetic diversity and identify major causes of loss of genetic diversity in four swine breeds based on pedigree data. Pedigree files from Duroc (DC), Hampshire (HP), Lacombe (LC) and Landrace (LR) containing 480 191, 114 871, 51 397 and 1 080 144 records, respectively, were analyzed. Pedigree completeness, quality and depth were determined. Several parameters derived from the in-depth pedigree analyses were used to measure trends and current levels of genetic diversity. Pedigree completeness indexes of the four breeds were 90.4, 52.7, 89.6 and 96.1%, respectively. The estimated percentage of genetic diversity lost within each breed over the last three decades was approximately 3, 22, 12 and 2%, respectively. The relative proportion of genetic diversity lost due to random genetic drift in DC, HP, LC and LR was 74.5, 63.6, 72.9 and 60.0%, respectively. The estimated current effective population size for DC, HP, LC and LR was 72, 14, 36 and 125, respectively. Therefore, HP and LC have been found to have lost considerable genetic diversity, demanding priority for conservation. Download PDF.

What to do witha

Posted in: Production by admin on January 1, 0000 | No Comments

Loose animals are scared animals and scared animals are dangerous animals. We see it on the news and
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Biogas- an Overview

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Biogas consists of about 60-80% methane, 20-40% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of other compounds. It is produced as a by-product from the biological breakdown of organic material such as livestock manure. You can produce biogas in digesters, airtight tank with heating coils. With modifications, water heaters or furnaces can use biogas as fuel because it is able to produce heat and electricity. Digested manure is less odorous and pathogenic than raw manure and therefore better for the environment. The reason that digesters are not used in Alberta is because of their economic feasibility, capital costs can range from hundreds of thousands to over a million dollars. Several biogas facilities have been constructed to test this feasibility again. It will most likely be most feasible for the bigger operations (+1000 pigs).