Swine dysentery has seen a reemergence the last several years in the USA, and to a lesser extent in Western Canada. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is commonly the cause of swine dysentery. Other species of Brachyspira include B. pilosicoli, , B. murdochii, and B. suanatina, which are all thought to cause symptoms of diarrhea. B. innocens and B. intermedia are thought to be non-pathogenic. WCVM has recently identified a new species, temporarily named Brachyspira sp. Sask30446. A case study identified the new species in pigs with dysentery symptoms, who were also testing negative for B. hyodysenteriae. PCR, smears, culture, and histopathology are used to identify the new species, and a specific PCR assay has been developed. Brachyspira spp. is highly contagious, hard to diagnose and to eliminate. Current treatment includes medication through feed and water, and having strong biosecurity for prevention remains highly important.