Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein and others carried out a study of 6000 long haul cattle trucks to find out the effects time-on-truck has on cattle. They found an average time-on-truck of 16 hours, and an average shrink of 5.3%. Fat cattle were less effected by time-on-truck compared to feeders, calves and cull cows.  The study also shows the econmic loss from shrink using a temperature-humidity-index.