Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been associated with a number of disease syndromes in pigs, including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), proliferating and necrotizing pneumonia, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), abortion and reproductive problems (Allan & Ellis, 2000). Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and a new ear necrosis syndrome have also been associated with PCV2 but today, there is not definitive evidence that PCV2 is the major cause of these syndromes. Since the end of 2004, CIRCOVAC® (Merial), a PCV2 vaccine dedicated to sows and gilts to control PCVD in the whole herd, has been used in several parts of the world. The goal of this paper is to review the large-scale studies of PCV2 vaccination in Europe. PMWS/PCVD are still major causes of impaired economic performance in all parts of the world. Vaccination of the sows with CIRCOVAC® has now extensively, and in various geographic areas, been shown to prevent PMWS mortality and to decrease total mortality in piglets as well as to improve growth and performance of the piglets. The vaccinated herds previously suffering from PCVD were able to recover and to return to a “close-to-normal” performance (even sometimes better than before the PCVD outbreak), due to an almost total reduction of the increase in mortality above the basic non- PCV2-related mortality. In addition, the recent studies presented here confirm the largely reported beneficial effects of CIRCOVAC® in the field on reproduction as well as on the very early period of the piglet’s life. The data regarding reproduction are in contradiction with other recently presented observations in the United States, using the PigCHAMP system (Nerem, 2007), that did not show PCV2 vaccination in 18,000 sows to improve reproduction results, although the tool used is quite similar to the GTE data analysis system. This may have several explanations including a different health status of the herds/sows, a difference in the time frame of the study or a difference in the vaccine used. Vaccination of the sows and gilts with CIRCOVAC® induced major improvements in reproduction parameters, in the piglet performance during the suckling phase as well as impressive improvements in pig heath status and growth for their life span.