{"id":19185,"date":"2017-05-09T15:31:25","date_gmt":"2017-05-09T21:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/?p=19185"},"modified":"2017-05-10T13:18:13","modified_gmt":"2017-05-10T19:18:13","slug":"major-effects-of-mycotoxins-on-swine-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/major-effects-of-mycotoxins-on-swine-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"Major effects of mycotoxins on swine performance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Mycotoxin<\/strong><\/td>\nPrimary Effect<\/strong><\/td>\nStage Affected<\/strong><\/td>\nClinical Signs<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Deoxynivalenol<\/p>\n

(DON, vomitoxin)<\/td>\n

Affects serotonin receptors and cytokine production<\/td>\nAll stages (younger pigs may be more susceptible)<\/td>\nReduced ADFI and ADG1,2<\/sup><\/p>\n

Vomiting2<\/sup><\/p>\n

Diarrhea (soft or watery feces)3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Reduced immune function3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Mild changes to kidney, thyroid, blood4<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Aflatoxins<\/td>\nMutagenic and carcinogenic<\/td>\nAll stages<\/td>\nReduced ADFI and ADG5<\/sup><\/p>\n

Reduced milk production5<\/sup><\/p>\n

Lethargy6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ataxia (lack of coordination)6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Rough hair coat6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Hemorrhage6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Fatty liver6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Zearalenone<\/td>\nEstrogenic<\/td>\nPre-pubertal gilts, sows and pre-pubertal boars<\/td>\nSwelling and reddening of the vulva7<\/sup><\/p>\n

Vaginal and\/or rectal prolapse7<\/sup><\/p>\n

Anestrus8<\/sup><\/p>\n

Reduced litter size8<\/sup><\/p>\n

Fetal resorption8<\/sup><\/p>\n

Implantation failure8<\/sup><\/p>\n

Decreased libido and testosterone9<\/sup><\/p>\n

Feminization9<\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Ochratoxin A<\/td>\nDisrupts phenylalanine (an amino acid) metabolism<\/td>\nAll stages<\/td>\nKidney damage10<\/sup><\/p>\n

Decreased ADFI and ADG11<\/sup><\/p>\n

Immunosuppression, increased risk of infection12<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Fumonisins<\/td>\nDisrupts lipid metabolism<\/td>\nAll stages, especially young pigs<\/td>\nPulmonary edema3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Reduced immunity3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Decreased ADFI and ADG13<\/sup><\/p>\n

Shortness of breath3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Weakness3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Cyanosis (blue\/purple colour of skin\/membranes)3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

T-2 and HT-2 Toxins<\/td>\nInhibits protein synthesis<\/td>\nAll stages<\/td>\nUnthriftiness6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Low ADFI and ADG6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Reproductive failure6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Gastric upset (diarrhea)6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Cellular necrosis6<\/sup><\/p>\n

Immunosuppression 6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Ergot Alkaloids<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Neurological<\/td>\nAll stages, especially the reproductive herd<\/td>\nLameness14<\/sup><\/p>\n

Gangrene14<\/sup><\/p>\n

Decreased ADG14<\/sup><\/u><\/p>\n

Abortion14<\/sup><\/p>\n

Agalactia (absence of milk production)14<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ataxia14<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

1<\/sup>Decreased ADFI and feed refusals have been shown at levels as low as 0.5-1 ppm (Smith et al., 2005),\u00a0 2<\/sup> > 2-5 ppm is for decreased ADFI and ADG, vomiting and complete feed refusal at > 20 ppm (Haschek et al., 2002),\u00a0 3<\/sup>Pierce and Diaz, 2014,\u00a0 4<\/sup>JECFA, 2001,\u00a0 5<\/sup>Nibbelink, 1986,\u00a0 6<\/sup>Whitlow et al., 2014,\u00a0 7<\/sup>Friend et al., 1990\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ,\u00a0 8<\/sup>Smith et al., 2005,\u00a0 9<\/sup>Osweiller, 1986,\u00a0 10<\/sup>Kidney damage occurs at levels as low as 0.5 ppm (Lippold et al., 1992),\u00a0 11<\/sup>Performance is affected at levels of 2 ppm or greater (Lippold et al., 1992; Stoev et al., 2000),\u00a0 12<\/sup>Can occur when levels > 2 ppm are fed for longer periods of time (Harvey et al., 1992),\u00a0 13<\/sup>ADG reduced by 11% when 10 ppm fumonisin B1 was fed to starter pigs for 8 weeks (Rotter et al., 1996),\u00a0 14<\/sup>Strickland et al., 2011<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mycotoxin Primary Effect Stage Affected Clinical Signs Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) Affects serotonin receptors and cytokine production All stages (younger pigs may be more susceptible) Reduced ADFI and ADG1,2 Vomiting2 Diarrhea (soft or watery feces)3 Reduced immune function3 Mild changes to kidney, thyroid, blood4 Aflatoxins Mutagenic and carcinogenic All stages Reduced ADFI and ADG5 Reduced milk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16108,19,931],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nutrition-pork-insight-articles","category-pork-insight-articles","category-prairie-swine-centre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19185"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19186,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19185\/revisions\/19186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}