Cross compliance, introduced with the 2003 CAP reform, links direct payments to
\nfarmers to their respect of regulations in the field of environmental protection, public, animal
\nand plant health and animal welfare. This paper focuses on the additional costs cross compliance may generate in
\nthe beef and pig sector. For both products the most relevant standards were identified and an
\nassessment was made of the level of compliance and the cost of compliance. The subsequent
\nanalysis then focused, first, on the additional cost of compliance if compliance levels were to
\nbecome universal, and second, on the impact this would have on trade flows of the EU with
\nthe US and other competitors on the world market. The second section of this paper is dedicated to the impact of the Nitrate Directive and Regulations that are currently applicable to pigs farms. It was found that the extent to which the Nitrate Directive may create extra costs to the pig sector
\ndepends on the pig density per hectare in each Member State, on the percentage of pigs
\npresent in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones and on the degree of compliance of pig farmers to the
\nNitrate Directive. These three data differ very much from country to country and explain
\nprimarily the very different sector cost increases for the pig sectors of EU Member States. The
\noverall EU cost increase to be attributed to the pig sector due to attain full compliance with
\nthe Nitrate Directive has been estimated at 0.55%.
\nFrom a comparison with the impact of the Clean Water Act in the US it turns out that
\nthis act raises the cost for the American pig sector with 1.08%, an almost double cost effect
\ncompared to the impact of the Nitrate Directive in the EU. The reason for this substantial rise
\nof costs has to be attributed to the large percentage of pig affected by this measure and its
\nrather recent application to US pig farms, which still implies a rather low degree of
\ncompliance.
\nA calculation of the animal welfare regulations for pig farmers in the EU shows, that
\nthe cost increase is very limited. The reasons for this minor cost impact are a high degree of
\ncompliance with the standards and the limited rise of costs for farmers which still have to
\nadapt their farm to the new legislation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Cross compliance, introduced with the 2003 CAP reform, links direct payments to farmers to their respect of regulations in the field of environmental protection, public, animal and plant health and animal welfare. This paper focuses on the additional costs cross compliance may generate in the beef and pig sector. For both products the most relevant […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[8882,640,70,13816,19216,49,7011,4564,3814,6784,190,583,7012,19644,23694,7013,5596,7014,562,20007,111,2771,9053,19569,10858,14784,496,3465,14,7650,33,16262,7015,17743,1231,20911,4874,69,27281],"class_list":["post-4869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economics","tag-al","tag-animal","tag-animal-welfare","tag-ass","tag-assess","tag-assessment","tag-beef-sector","tag-comparison","tag-competitive","tag-cos","tag-cost","tag-costs","tag-cross-compliance","tag-dd","tag-dir","tag-directive","tag-eu","tag-extra-costs","tag-farms","tag-gh","tag-health","tag-iron","tag-leg","tag-links","tag-mark","tag-ness","tag-nitrate","tag-pea","tag-pig","tag-pig-density","tag-pigs","tag-pl","tag-pork-sector","tag-prod","tag-regulations","tag-t","tag-tan","tag-water","tag-welfare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4869"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4869\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}