This report analyzes changes in the characteristics, production practices, and
\nproduction costs of U.S. hog operations over the past 15 years. The objective
\nis to emphasize economic relationships that have affected the size and
\nownership structure of hog production and the impact of these changes on
\nindustry productivity. It was found that while productivity gains can benefit consumers in terms of lower food
\nprices, structural changes that enable efficiency gains may also generate
\nenvironmental concerns. Increases in the scale of production resulting in
\ngreater animal density may require operations to store manure in larger
\nlagoons\/pits\u2014creating concentrated levels of odor, ammonia emissions, and
\nthe potential for larger manure spills. The concentration of hog manure
\nmakes it more costly to use as fertilizer as more land is needed and transportation
\ncosts to fields are greater. On the other hand, concentrating
\nmanure sources in fewer locations potentially affects fewer people. Additionally,
\ngreater concentration may make some manure treatment technologies
\nfeasible (e.g., energy from biowaste, or processing into concentrated
\nfertilizer).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This report analyzes changes in the characteristics, production practices, and production costs of U.S. hog operations over the past 15 years. The objective is to emphasize economic relationships that have affected the size and ownership structure of hog production and the impact of these changes on industry productivity. It was found that while productivity gains […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[8882,229,2632,640,189,6784,190,583,19644,286,527,313,314,27278,6517,6518,34,914,3878,3850,2771,355,1675,169,480,198,13564,16262,6519,4257,17743,27282,6520,5269,5154,1533,20912,20911,6521,91,525,52,6053,766],"class_list":["post-4911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economics","tag-al","tag-ammonia","tag-ammonia-emissions","tag-animal","tag-consumer","tag-cos","tag-cost","tag-costs","tag-dd","tag-dust","tag-efficiency","tag-emission","tag-emissions","tag-energy","tag-farm-productivity","tag-farm-structure","tag-hog","tag-hog-manure","tag-hog-production","tag-hogs","tag-iron","tag-lagoon","tag-location","tag-manure","tag-manure-treatment","tag-odor","tag-people","tag-pl","tag-pork-prices","tag-prices","tag-prod","tag-production","tag-production-contracts","tag-report","tag-scale-of-production","tag-size","tag-some","tag-t","tag-total-factor-productivity","tag-transport","tag-transportation","tag-treatment","tag-use","tag-waste"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4911\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}