The effects of housing design on indicators of stress and behavior in special-fed veal calves were studied. Calves were tethered in open stalls or untethered in individual pens, and housed in varying pen or stall widths. There were few treatments differences in terms of blood serum cortisol and A?1-acid glycoprotein. There were no significant differences in segmented neutrophils (N), banded neutrophils, lymphocytes (L), basophils or the N:L ratio at weeks 4 or 18. Monocytes and eosinophils differed during the 28 day period after arrival. Calves that had been housed in 76 cm wide stalls had the largest percentage of both monocytes and eosinophils, while calves in the 66 cm wide stalls had the lowest monocyte percentage. There were no differences in postures (lying, standing) or behavior (chewing, tongue playing, grooming, investigative activities) throughout the observation periods for calves in the different treatments. Calves spent about 71 % in a lying position and 31 % of the time in a standing position, with no preference for the right or left side while recumbent. Calves in wider stalls or pens tended to exhibit more self-grooming activities at week 9 and 18. Calves that were housed in 56 cm wide pens had difficulty changing from a lying position to a standing position, and they were unable to extend their legs while recumbent. Conclusions stated that, although behavioral, physiological, growth, and anatomical trait differences were few, further increases in age and\/or weight of finished calves would require a reassessment of the appropriateness of individual veal calf housing design and dimensions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The effects of housing design on indicators of stress and behavior in special-fed veal calves were studied. Calves were tethered in open stalls or untethered in individual pens, and housed in varying pen or stall widths. There were few treatments differences in terms of blood serum cortisol and A?1-acid glycoprotein. There were no significant differences […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[928],"tags":[10821,1809,2137,8882,13816,19216,49,65,10911,20007,24707,158,47,20434,9053,10859,14784,16262,8920,5319,1533,4599,3283,110,8553,20911,4874,26223,52,1301],"class_list":["post-5004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-welfare","tag-28-day","tag-acid","tag-activitybehaviorcalfcalvescortisolgrowthhousinghydrocortisoneindividual-housinglyinglymphocytesstressvealveal-calves","tag-al","tag-ass","tag-assess","tag-assessment","tag-behavior","tag-effects-of-individual-housing-design-and-size-on-behavior-and-stress-indicators-of-special-fed-holstein-veal-calves","tag-gh","tag-grooming-behavior-and-stress-in-calves","tag-growth","tag-housing","tag-individual-housing-for-swine","tag-leg","tag-nat","tag-ness","tag-pl","tag-play-behavior-in-calves","tag-preference","tag-size","tag-stall","tag-stalls","tag-stress","tag-swine-individual-housing","tag-t","tag-tan","tag-the-effects","tag-treatment","tag-weight"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5004"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5004\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/prairieswine.com\/rsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}