Emission inventory in Austria: state of the art and future developments

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It is mandatory for countries to annually report emissions. The Division of Agricultural Engi-neering (ILT) is involved in compiling the emission inventory for the agricultural sector in Austria. ILT is member of national and international working groups that update guidelines for emission inventories, and make proposals for abatement measures.

Measurement of odour and greenhouse gas emissions in two swine farrowing operations

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Odour associated with swine operations is from three main sources: (1) building exhaust, (2) manure storage, and (3) land application. However, odour from land application is becoming less of a concern as more and more swine producers are adopting manure injection. Odour emission from swine buildings is influenced by a number of factors, such as the type of operation, management practice, manure handling and storage, and ventilation. To develop odour control strategies, it is important to quantify odour emissions from each of the two main sources (buildings and manure storage). The first objective of this study was to quantify these relative odour contributions by comparing odour emissions between two similar swine operations with different manure storage systems – open and covered manure storage. This information will assist producers and regulatory authorities in making decisions on what to focus on, barns or manure storage, when adopting and recommending odour control technologies. It is estimated that agricultural operations contribute approximately 8% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2002 in Canada, with about 49% of that originating from livestock production (Matin et al. 2004). However, little is known about the relative contributions to GHG emissions from barns and manure storage in swine production. The second objective of this study was to determine these relative contibutions. Odour and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were measured on two 3000-sow swine farrowing farms, one with open earthen manure storage (EMS) and another with negative air pressure (NAP) covered EMS. Air samples were taken in Tedlar bags with a vacuum chamber from exhaust fans of barns and the NAP EMS. A wind tunnel was used to collect air samples from the manure surface in the open EMS. Collected samples were analyzed for odour concentrations with a dynamic dilution olfactometer and for GHG concentrations with gas chromatography. It was concluded that the open EMS contributed 57% to the total odour emission from the operation; whereas the NAP EMS contributed only 2% to the total emission. The total odour emission from the farm with NCP EMS was 58% of that from the farm with open EMS. The CO2 emission rates from the building exhaust were significantly higher in the farrowing rooms than that from gestation rooms. Both CO2 and CH4 emissions from the secondary cell of the NAP EMS were negligible in comparison with the primary cell or with the open EMS. The CO2 emission rate from the primary cell of the NAP EMS was significantly lower than that from the open EMS. Although the CH4 emission rate from primary cell of the NCP EMS was not significantly different from the open EMS, the total CH4 emission from the NCP EMS was only 26% of that from the open EMS because the size of the primary cell of the EMS was small in comparison with the open EMS.

Methods and data for the environmental inventory of contrasting pig production systems

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Factors Influencing the Concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids, Ammonia, and Other Nutrients in Stored Liquid Pig Manure

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In order to minimize odor and manage nutrients in liquid pig manure
we need to be able to predict what operational practices most influence
the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonium
nitrogen (NH4 1–N), and other nutrients present in the manure. It was found that the main reason for the differences
between the three types of manure was manure dilution. The average
dry matter content of finishing pig manure was 4.5 times that of sow
manure.

Using a chemical equilibrium model to predict amendments required to precipitate phosphorus as struvite in liquid swine manure

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Precipitation of phosphate minerals from liquid swine manure is an established means of
reducing the orthophosphate (OP) concentration. This project investigated the usefulness
of a chemical equilibrium model, Visual Minteq, for prescribing the amendments needed to
maximize struvite precipitation from liquid swine manure and thus reduce the OP
phosphorus concentration. The actual concentrations of Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, OP, NH4
+, alkalinity
and pH from a liquid swine manure system were used as inputs to the model. The model
was modified to remove species with extremely low formation rates, because they would
not significantly precipitate in the reaction occurring in a short retention-time process such
as those envisioned for swine manure struvite-formation reactors. Using the model’s
output, a series of 19-L reactors were used to verify the results. Verification results
demonstrated that Visual Minteq can be used to pre-determine the concentration of
amendments required to maximize struvite recovery.

DAYTIME ODOR EMISSION VARIATIONS FROM VARIOUS SWINE BARNS

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Sulfuric odorous compounds emitted from pig-feeding operations

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Use of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis for the recovery and concentration of ammonia from swine manure

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Environmental impacts of farm scenarios according to five assessment methods

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Influence of nutrient composition on methane production from animal manures and co-digestion with maize and glycerine

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Biogas production from animal manures and co-digestion of energy crops and agricultural wastes is a very promising option to generate renewable energy in the Ukraine. Biogas plants require a targeted nutrient supply to make optimum use of animal manures, energy crops and agricultural wastes. The research project aimed at finding basic principles and data on the metabolic and energetic turnover during anaerobic digestion of animal manures, energy crops and agricultural wastes in agricultural biogas plants. The influence of animal diet and milk yield on the composition of cattle manure and on the methane yield through anaerobic digestion was investigated.