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Prairie Swine Centre is an affiliate of the University of Saskatchewan
Prairie Swine Centre is grateful for the assistance of the George Morris Centre in developing the economics portion of Pork Insight.
Financial support for the Enterprise Model Project and Pork Insight has been provided by:
Biofiltration of n-butyric acid for the control of odour
Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 2003 | No Comments
Bermudagrass Cultivar Response to Swine Effluent Application
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Soil Mircobial Populations, Community Compostion, and Activity Affected by Repeated Applications of Hog and Cattle Manure in Eastern Saskatchwan
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A field site near Humboldt, Saskatchewan, was annually treated with hog or cattle manure and cropped to canola, spring wheat, barley, and canola from 1997 to 2000. During each growing season, soil was analyzed for microbial populations in terms of activity and community structure, and crops were assessed for root rot and foliar diseases. Microbial activity in soils treated with cattle manure was higher than in soils treated with hog manure or urea. Similarly, nitrous oxide emissions from soil increased with increasing rates of hog and cattle manure. Potential human pathogens, including Rahnella, Serratia, Proteus, Leclercia, and Salmonella species, were identified in soils that received cattle manure, whereas pseudomonads were the dominant species in the hog-manure-treated soil. Fecal coliforms were confirmed in soils that received hog or cattle manure. However, Enterobacteriaceae populations were 10-fold higher in soils receiving cattle manure than in soils receiving the other treatments. Increasing cattle manure rates increased fecal coliform population, but there was no indication that increased hog manure rates increased fecal coliform populations. Addition of urea, hog manure, or cattle manure to the soil did not increase foliar disease in wheat, barley, and canola and had variable effects on root rot incidence in cereals.
Odor Overview
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This report focuses on building odor emissions and ways to control it, as it seems to rank high for frequency, duration and offensiveness of odor. Maintaining cleanliness throughout the building is one method to reduce odor. For new buildings, specific designs may lower emissions: flushing gutters, limited surface gutters or solid manure management systems.
One method suggests confining manure storage within the building, in a single area. The exhaust air from this area will then be put through a biofilter prior to discharge into the outdoors.
Dust particles are also odor carriers. Removing these particles from ventilation air can effectively result in reduced odor emissions. In a preliminary study, odor reductions of 50-90% were seen between the inlet and outlet of the filter when dust removal varied between 45-75%. To reduce dust, regular cleaning and maintenance is necessary, as is oil/water spraying.
Reduction in crude protein content of the diet has the ability to reduce the concentration of selected odorous compounds. It is the cost of this method that makes it more unpopular.
Different techniques have been used to control odor as the air comes out of the building. Biofilters and bioscrubbers or wetscrubbers are some of these technologies, with biofilters having the most potential.
In conclusion, if the barn is kept very clean, the manure is removed as often as possible, an efficient dust control technique is implemented and multiphase feeding programs are used, odor emissions from the building are likely to be maintained at an acceptable level. More techniques, design and methods are being researched all the time.
Cost of remediation of nitrogen-contaminated soils under cafo impoundments
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Manure Management Systems – Biogas Systems
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With the rise of industrial-scale hog operations come problems of foul smelling odour, ground and surface water pollution, and uncontrolled methane emissions. The creation of biogas plants has helped to address these problems. The biogas plant in Germany is capable of treating about 100,000 tons of organic waste each year and transferring it into heat and electricity. The basis behind this development is the theory behind the Renewable Energy Sources Act of the German Federal Government, which is “…to facilitate a sustainable development of energy supply in the interest of managing global warming and protecting the environment and to achieve a substantial increase in the percentage contribution made by renewable energy sources to power supply.” As far as Canada goes, we need to be concerned about surface and groundwater contamination, odour created from storage and spreading of manure, and emissions of methane and nitrous oxide as greenhouse gases. The need to find efficient and cost-effective manure management solutions are a priority. Incorporating an IWMS (Integrated Waste Management System) into a livestock operation will allow excess organic waste to be turned into resources that produce renewable energy, organic fertilizer, and reusable water. This IWMS involves wastewater treatment as well as aerobic and anaerobic digester systems. The anaerobic system holds decomposed manure under oxygen-free conditions that promote naturally growing bacteria that digest manure. Methane produced from this can be captured as an energy source. Treatment could also involve aerobic digestion that will digest manure solids into compost fertilizer to market to farmers or gardeners. Livestock producers who set up this system can receive economic benefits from organic nutrients, offset greenhouse gas emissions, and eliminate adverse environmental impact, and create a sustainable business model for future farm generations. The analysis of a plant in Lethbridge shows that an IWMS is an economically viable solution for the Canadian agriculture community.
Effect of covering pig slurry stores on the ammonia emission processes
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Nitrogen Distribution in Soils of Constructed Wetlands Treating Lagoon Wastewater
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