N-Management and Crop Rotation Effects on Yield and Residual Soil Nitrate Levels
Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 2001 | No Comments
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM TO MANAGE PESTICIDEa
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Dynamics of odour release: Application methods for olfactometry and the electronic nose
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For prognostic calculation of odour pollution,
exact knowledge of odour emissions
is necessary. For this, odour concentration
in exhaust air and exhaust volume flow
have to be measured with odour emission
calculated from the product [1, 2]. Olfactometry
is applied as standard method for determining
odour concentration. However,
despite all standardisation, this has shown
to have a few important disadvantages.
Through the non-continuous sampling involved
in individual sampling, only momentary
samples are possible in odour situations
where output is mainly variable. The subjectivity
of human testers plus the relatively
high costs per odour sample are further disadvantages
of olfactometry. In comparison,
the new a
Successful Siting of New and Expanding Operations – A Saskatchewan Perspective
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The Saskatchewan industry consists of 65 million arable acres of which 46 million are cultivated and less than one half are irrigated; one million cows, 600,000 calves which are exported for feeding, 1.4 million market pigs. Saskatchewan is clearly under-developed in livestock. From a regulatory point of viw, a pollution control program for intensive livestock operations have existed since 1971. Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food (SAF) delivers the program, in co-operation with other government agencies. SAF is responsible for collecting, reviewing, and approving appplications under the act. All applications are subject to review by local, provincial and federal agencies
Long-Term Manure Impacts on soil Nutrient Status and Surface Water Quality
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Manure increases the solubility of P in soils, whether applied once or repeatedly. Long-term application of manure often results in the build-up of soil P to the point that a critical degree of soil P saturation is reached. Although this is good in terms of crop yield potential, the risk of P transfer from soil to water bodies may increase. Areas characterized by a high density of confined livestock operations are more at risk than others. Several modes of transport can result in P transfer from soils to waters. Results from studies conducted in the Prairies indicate that the calcareous nature of the soils does not preclude the downward movement of P deep into the soil profile. Movement of P will probably be accentuated by irrigation or incidental flooding. Overland transport by wind and water probably dominates in the Prairies, but subsurface transfer by lateral flow or seepage may also contribute to the load of P reaching water bodies. Areas most at risk can be identified by the Phosphorus Index (PI).
However, the PIa
Characteristics and Emission Rates of Odor from Commercial Swine Nurseries
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Odor emission rates and characteristics were evaluated at two commercial swine nurseries in Indiana during the months of March, April and May. The nursersies housing 94 to 250 pigs were mechanically ventilated with long term manure pit storages under a wire floor. Incoming ventilation air at one of the nurseries was tempered in a heated hallwaay. An eight member odor panel evaluated odor concentration with a dyanamic olfactormeter and odor intensity and hedonic tone at full strength. The odor concentration of incoming ventilation air ranged from 7-85 odor units per cubic meter and averaged 18 units. It ranged from 94 to 635 and aeraged 190 odor units in ventilation exhaust air. The mean odor emission rates of the two nurseries rates were 18.3 and 62.5 odour units respectively.