While not completely odour-free, composting does not generate the same kind of manure odours typical of manure collected and stored in pits or earthen storages under anaerobic conditions. Although liquid manure handling systems can be managed in ways that satisfy the rules against liquid manure runoff, they are inherently riskier systems, and many farmers will undoubtedly want to avoid those risks. Composting fits easily into manure handling systems that generate manure with low levels of added water. When managed properly, composting improves the handling characteristics of any organic residue by reducing its moisture content, volume and weight. The process increases the value of raw manures by destroying pathogens and weed seeds and creating a media for the production and proliferation of beneficial organisms. The rate of composting, like the rate of plant or animal growth, can be affected by a number of factors such as: nutrient balance, moisture content, temperature, and aeration. The compost pile must also be turned to restore its porosity and reduce the particle size to increase the surface area of bulking material like straw. Restoring porosity enhances the passive movement of air into the pile and accelerates decomposition. There are a variety of compost turners available for small farm operations and larger self-propelled turners for custom composting operation. Although compost can be turned using a loader, production of quality compost requires the proper equipment. The improper sizing of equipment to perform the function can result in higher cost per tonne of finished compost. The location of the composting site is also important. The site should allow for easy access, a minimum of travel and materials handling and a firm surface to support vehicles under varying weather conditions. The convenience of a particular site must be weighed against factors such as area, proximity to neighbours, visibility, and drainage and runoff control. Good drainage is very important. Poor site drainage leads to ponding of water saturated composting materials, muddy site conditions and excessive run-off and leachate from the site. A muddy composting pad is perhaps the most common site related complaint of composting operators. It is important that the composting operation not be interrupted by rainfall. Consult a soil scientist and an agricultural engineer for a site investigation before establishing a composting site. Run-off control beyond planting a grassed infiltration strip may be necessary to avoid polluting surface or ground water.