Heat Pads
The results from three R&D projects show that there is no statistical difference in weight gain and mortality between piglets raised with heat lamps and piglets raised with energy efficient heat pads. The heat pads provide a comfortable heated zone for the newborn piglets and piglets tend not to seek warmth from the mother sow, which reduces crushing losses. Heat pads offer a large comfort area that minimizes piglet piling. Research conducted at the Glenlea Research Station of University of Manitoba, in comparing heat pads vs. the combination of heat pads and 100 watt heat lamps for the first 4 to 24 hours, revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in weight gain and mortality, however, the heat lamps helped dry off the birth fluid. Heat lamps typically consume 1279 kWh per crate while energy efficient heat pads consume 383 kWh, thus a saving of 896 kWh per crate per annum in typical commercial farrowing operations. At 5¢/kWh, this is equivalent to $45/annum. There is an additional saving of 1.5 heat lamps per farrowing crate per annum. At $10/lamp, this translates to a saving of $15/annum.

Lighting
In-barn research shows that gilts benefit from exposure to 14-16 hours of light each day. Gilts reach puberty sooner, have prolonged estrus and farrow more pigs per litter than gilts raised in reduced light conditions or in the dark. Studies also show that differences between incandescent, fluorescent and metal halide lighting do not appear to have any effect on hog performance. However, common T12 fluorescent lamps should be replaced with T8 lamps because of their 20-30% lower operating cost, longer lifespan and compatibility with existing fixtures. Incentives available, in some locations, for the necessary replacement of the T12 magnetic ballast with the T8 electronic ballasts significantly reduce the costs of conversion.