A multinomial logistic regression method was used to investigate the risk factorsfor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolated from faecal samples collected on 80 Ontario swine farms in Canada. The samples were classified into three groups including Salmonella-negative samples (S)), Salmonella-positive samples without AMR (S+AMR)) and Salmonella-positive samples with AMR (S+AMR+). The samples collected directly from pigs had a greater chance to be positive for Salmonella with AMR compared to those samplescollected from the pen floor. The odds of culturing Salmonella with or without AMR was higher if pelleted feed was used compared with mash orliquid feed (P < 0.001). The faecal samples collected on farrow-to-finish farms had a significant lower chance of testing positive for Salmonella with multidrug resistance than the samples from grow-finisher farms (P = 0.004). The chance of culturing Salmonella without AMR on farms with a continuous system was higher than on farms with an all-in/all-out system (P = 0.009). However, there was no significant association between the flow system and recovery of Salmonella with AMR. The larger farms were more likely to be in S+AMR+ group than in S) group (P < 0.001) whereas herd size did not appear as a risk factor for being in S+AMR) group compared with S) group.

These findings indicate that although on-farm antimicrobial use is one component of resistance, there might be other farm management factors that also affect the development of emerging resistant bacterial foodborne pathogens on swine farms.