Pork Insight Articles

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Author(s): A. Ramirez
Publication Date: March 30, 2011
Reference: London Swine Conference, 2011
Country: Canada

Summary:

Sow barns strive to produce high quality piglets consistently, efficiently, and profitably. However, enteric diseases can often affect these goals, and are also one of the leading causes of piglet morbidity and mortality. Increasing piglet immunity can help reduce the impact enteric diseases have. Colostrum is the first step to immunity, as it provides all of a piglet’s passive antibodies along with glucose and fat. Gut closure after birth is exponential, so piglets should receive colostrum as soon as possible after birth. Colostrum also impacts intestinal growth and absorption capability. Husbandry and sow colostrum production both play a role in ensuring piglets receive adequate colostrum. Good husbandry starts with providing a farrowing environment that is as free from pathogens as possible through proper washing procedures. Cleaning the sow before she enters the farrowing crate, and regularly scraping the farrowing crate will also reduce pathogens present. Having a technician present during farrowing and increased attention for three days post-birth can reduce mortality rates. Split-suckling and cross-fostering are two strategies that theoretically should help piglet survival, but the research on both practises has shown variable results for any benefit. Finally, piglets should be born into a warm, dry environment, as energy used to warm themselves could be taken away from energy used to develop their immune system or for growth. Identifying which pathogen is causing piglet scours can help with prevention, containment, and treatment. E. coli is the most common pathogen in farrowing rooms, it can be one of several genotypes, and causes malabsorption leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Clostridial diseases are mainly referring to three agents. One can be controlled through vaccination, but the other two cannot. Rotavirus and TGE are viral pathogens. So far, only Rotavirus Type A can be tested for, but PCR advancements are allowing for Types B and C to be studied. TGE can be tested for, and any presence requires intervention as the mortality for pigs under two weeks is near 95%. Coccidiosis has greatly been reduced since the use of slatted floors has been increased, but once the pathogen is in the environment it is resistant to degradation and sanitation is the main elimination method. Developing immunity in piglets remains a key strategy to reducing mortality, and colostrum access and good husbandry practices can help achieve this.

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