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Author(s): T. Whiting
Publication Date: April 1, 2010
Reference: London Swine Conference, 2010
Country: Canada

Summary:

Each nation has been responsible for their own food processing policies for around 100 years, and the major goal has been to be self-sufficient. To achieve this, governments often subsidized underproducing sectors, and exported or bought overproduced items. Western perspective treated agriculture differently from other commercial activities, food will always be needed, and the volatility of agriculture due to climate etc. justified government support. Modern day has a different outlook on farming: most people have never had firsthand experience with a farm, and the view on agriculture has changed due to issues like globalization, influenza pandemics, GMOs, and animal welfare. A policy arrangement is a temporary stabilization in a sector to achieve a goal, and Growing Forward is a Canadian policy arrangement for agriculture. Policy arrangements can be changed by policy coalitions, as seen by the sale of ungraded eggs on Vancouver Island due to the popularity of the “100 mile diet”, or by the impact the Humane Society of the United States can have on legislature. Policy arrangements can be statist, corporatist, or liberal depending on the level of government involvement and control. After WWII the Netherlands created an “iron triangle” that represented the government, farmers, and society untied to support a modern, competitive agricultural sector. New Zealand went through an agricultural revolution after heavily subsidizing farming in the 1950-1970s. In 1985 many of the subsidies were stopped, farming shifted to dairy and horticulture, and farming became more strictly controlled by the government. The Canadian Agri-Food Research Council existed as a series of committees that tracked research, and strategized where research should be focused. It disbanded, and marked a change away from corporatist policy for research. The Agricultural Policy Framework was a five year plan in Canada that considered topics if they impacted profitability. It became the Growing Forward policy arrangement, which still notably does not address animal welfare topics. The future policies likely will address animal welfare, as three new organizations have formed with the primary objective of doing so.

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