Publication Date: October 18, 2011
Reference: livestockwelfare.com Research Watch Jan. 2012
Country: United States
Summary:
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Young dairy calves have underdeveloped immune systems which makes them vulnerable to diseases. Using proper housing techniques can reduce the risk of illness and improve calf welfare. Air quality, ventilation, pen design, and bedding are all areas of housing that can cause illness in a calf if not dealt with properly.