Biogas production from animal manures and co-digestion of energy crops and agricultural wastes is a very promising option to generate renewable energy in the Ukraine. Biogas plants require a targeted nutrient supply to make optimum use of animal manures, energy crops and agricultural wastes. The research project aimed at finding basic principles and data on the metabolic and energetic turnover during anaerobic digestion of animal manures, energy crops and agricultural wastes in agricultural biogas plants. The influence of animal diet and milk yield on the composition of cattle manure and on the methane yield through anaerobic digestion was investigated.