Phenotypic selection and EBV have mainly been used to select breeding stock, but genetic knowledge could allow for selection of traits with low heritability and traits that are difficult to measure. Molecular genetics may be the technology that is able to provide selection for traits in a more convenient and accurate way, and earlier in the animal’s life. Molecular genetics have allowed many genes to be mapped, and genetic markers identified. These genetic markers can be used for marker-assisted selection, and can help identify genes that are related to economic improvements through breed-cross genome scans and candidate gene associated studies. Although some genes have been identified, many more remain unknown. Pig genome sequencing has begun, but the full sequencing would allow for further advancements and understanding. Sequencing analyzes the genome of one individual, so for genetic selection SNPs identify a large number of markers used for selection, and technology advancements have reduced the cost and time of doing so. Until the genome is sequenced, genetic selection can be done by using a combination of markers and EBV. Genetic selection is further complicated by the fact that research mainly uses purebred pigs, whereas commercial barns often use crossbreeds. To overcome this, selection on effects of markers can be used. Genetic selection could provide increased accuracy for selection, and with molecular technology and sequencing becoming more advanced and available it is soon to be a reality.