A review of papers published to follow-up on the corresponding presentations at the Nonruminant Nutrition Symposium, “Understanding protein syntheis and degradation and their pathway regulations,” held on June 10 2007 at the  annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, the American Dairy Science Association, the Asociación Mexicana de Producción Animal, and the Poultry Science  Association in San Antonio, Texas. Topics include: hormonal and nutritional factors regulating postnatal mucle protein synthesis through protein translation pathways and signaling molecules in the postnatal pig  (Davis, et. al., 2008), challenges and methodological considerations for measuring intracellular protein degradation in animals (Bergen, 2008), major pathways of protein degradation with emphasis on the nonlysosomal Ca²⁺-dependent protein degradation system in muscle and implications for meat quality (Goll, et. al., 2008), and mamailian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a central regulator in regulating cellular metabolism, hyperplasic-hypertrophic protein growth, and ribosome biogenesis at transcriptional and translational levels by sensing and inegrating signals from mitogens, stressors, and nutrients (Yang, et. al., 2008).