The purpose of this study was to clarify relations of cows’ kicking and stepping behaviours during milking. It is hypothesized that the cows’ possible kicking and stepping response during milking may be related to the quality of human-animal relationship in general. Further, it is suggested that lameness and ticks causing pain, which is aggravated by the milking procedure, will cause cows to step or kick during milking. Using data from 10 commercial dairy herds, we have investigated the possible relations between the cows’ behaviour expressions during one milking and their response to an approaching human in the loose housing system as well as their behavioural response during clinical examination, their clinical health status and their getting up-behaviour. Results showed a general herd effect on occurrence of stepping and kicking behaviour during milking. In general, stepping during milking was associated positively to daily milk yield. However, low yielding cows showing avoidance behaviour at the clinical examination were also more likely to step during milking. Furthermore, stepping during milking was positively associated to avoidance in a human approach test as well as occurrence of ticks, and cows with tick lesions that further avoided human approach were most likely to step during milking. Cows with teat lesions were more likely to kick during milking, especially if they did not avoid human approach. The analysis showed no relation between lameness and kicking or stepping behaviour during milking.