Stress parameters and immune response of layers under different cage floor and density conditions
Laying hens were assigned to one of three floor types (top, middle, and bottom), and were allocated as one, three or five hens to a cage to obtain different stocking densities. Floor areas provided were 1968, 656, and 393.8 cm2 per hen. A number of measurements were taken to analyze stress levels. Egg weights were greater on the top floor than at other levels. Hens grouped five to a cage had significantly lower mean estimates for body weight, egg production, egg weight and plumage score, but had significantly higher mean estimates for egg albumen index, Haugh unit, serum glucose, and H-L ratio. Hens housed singly had higher serum cholesterol levels than hens in groups of five, but they had lower plasma corticosterone levels. Antibody titers were higher among groups of three hens than groups of five hens, and singly housed hens had similar levels to the other two groups. Values not affected by cage density or floor included egg breaking strength, yolk index, egg cholesterol content, and foot health. Conclusions of the study suggested that housing hens at three to a cage had no measurable effect on hen health or welfare.
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