Pork Insight Articles

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Author(s): Z. Poljak
Publication Date: April 1, 2009
Reference: London Swine Conference, 2009
Country: Canada

Summary:

Zoonotic diseases are transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. To be a zoonotic disease the animal carrier may or may not have clinical symptoms, and the disease needs to be naturally transmissible. Modern pork production has different risks than those of less developed areas, and this paper will only look at modern production diseases. The diseases examined will be classified as foodborne or occupational zoonoses. Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne illnesses. Swine show clinical symptoms with only 3 of the strains, so surveillance and quality assurance programs can be used to monitor for other strains throughout the production chain. Y. enterocolitica has 6 biotypes, 5 of which are human pathogens, and 11/60 serotypes which cause clinical symptoms in humans. In Ontario, the majority of confirmed cases were linked to pork, and finishing pigs can often shed the pathogen. Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide parasite. Cats are the definite host and support the sexual cycle, and the asexual cycle can occur in all warm-blooded animals. Human infection can be asymptomatic or can have a severe impacts up to death. Toxoplasmosis is not a concern in swine, however it can be found on pork products. Campylobacter primary is a foodborne pathogen through poultry, but can come from swine as well. The influenza virus is one of the major occupational zoonoses with swine. H3N2 and H1N1 strains and their reassortments can be found in swine herds, and there remains concern that a highly pathogenic strain could be transmitted from avian to swine to humans. Streptococcus suis is another occupational zoonoses, but only serotype 2 of the possible 35 serotypes can cause illness in humans.

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