As manure is often applied to meet the nitrogen requirement of the crop, phosphorus is thus applied in excess and will stock in the soil. When agronomically and environmentally management systems are integrated by farmers, it become difficult to evaluate how P will decrease in the soil. The method discussed was used to evaluate the release of P for different soil types, management and fertility status. Such release would be done to the plants over the years and crops however using Fe-oxide strips (iron oxide) allowed to verify the P availability more rapidly. This method could be used to compared and find optimal crop management for different types of soil.
Investigation have to be done to find ways to lower the phosphorus level in soil where manure still have to be spread on land. Different crop systems on specific soils could be optimum in using the available P however, this evaluation process takes time if we consider only annual cropping experiments. The method developed seems to be an interesting approach to speed this evaluation.









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