Reducing Manure Output to Streams from Subsurface Drainage Systems

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1993 | No Comments

The Use of a Yucca Schidigera Extract as 'Urease Inhibitor' in Pig Slurry

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The elements explaining the differences obtained between the Dutch and the USA should be investigated as the ammonia emissions could probably be reduced to a certain extent in the USA without the use of Yucca (additives).

Inactivation of weed seeds during drying and pelleting of pig manure

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In The Netherlands, surplus manure may not be well accepted even treated in some areas because of the possible weed infestation and the weed control costs associated with it. The experiments for this study were done in laboratory. No information is given on the feasibility and cost of these treatments on real scale.
weed propagules : seeds and vegetative reproductive organs.

Effect of growth potential and dietary protein input on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen output in growing-finishing pigs

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The effect on nitrogen excretion of the genotype and the sex is demonstrated. The reduction of the crude protein level has also a significant effect on the protein excretion.

NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS ACCOUNTS: CURRENT ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES AND SINKS

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Effect of Protein Feeding on Gaseous Ammonia Emissions and Slurry Loading with Nitrogen in Fattening Pigs.

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No results are presented from the second repetition of the treatments. Not enough results are presented to draw consistent conclusion, no analysis other than the chart is presented.

Evaluation des epandeurs a lisiers utilises au Quebec en vue de leur optimisation

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The valorization of liquid manure as fertilizer is important in the nutrient cycle on the farm. Optimization of manure spreading is an element essential to improve the fertilizer value of the manure and reduce the impacts on soil, air and water. Some of the limitations of such optimization come from the machinery itself. For most of the spreaders available on the market, calibration is difficult to make in order to obtain agronomic doses and they are often misadapted to the crops’ needs and to soils prone to compaction. In order to improve the situation, a study was realized to evaluate the technical performances of existing equipment and to suggest modifications that would improve the precision of the application rates, the agronomic efficiency by more appropriate application techniques and lower the impact of compaction on certain soils. Tests were done on two types of spreaders, the one using a pump to spread and the other using a vacuum system using aspersion at the top of the tank or at the bottom. The test showed that more than 50% of the manure spreaders available in Quebec spread doses (10 to 160 m3/ha )superior to the hydraulic absorption capacity of the soil (20 to 40 m3/ha) which can lead to run off. The longitudinal uniformity of spreading is good as the pump or vacuum system maintain the same flow rate through out emptying. It is not the case for the transversal uniformity as in many cases the dose applied in the center was 3 to 4 times higher than the one on the sides. The transversal wind has also an important effect on the distribution. The spreaders delivering manure through half circles devices showed a better transversal uniformity. The manure spreader of more than 3000 gal. (13 650 L) are most likely to produce important compaction as the soil pressure resulting from their passage is higher than mid-size tractors. The recommendations to improve the spreaders is to install a adjustable restriction valve between the pump and the delivering device to reduce the application rate. Low spreading with standard device or low boom would improve the transversal uniformity. Low pressure tires or tracks would reduce the compaction induced by spreading and the use of smaller tanks would also reduce the compaction. Direct injection systems tend to apply manure at high rates at 10 to 15 cm depth that may not be all used by the plant. Shallow injection or direct incorporation just after spreading with weeding type tools mounted on the spreader seem to be the best techniques to limit run off and contribute to nutrients retention.

This study gives very interesting information on the spreader and the weak elements that have to be improve to assure a better valorisation of the manure on the crops.

Reduction of protein content in the diet for piglets to minimize N excretion

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The experiment was done on 128 piglets to verify the effect of the crude protein level for diets having the same level of digestible energy and the same combination of amino acids. The results presented show that the crude protein level could be lower to 17% and thus as long the first limiting amino acids are supplied and no antimicrobial growth promotants are given to the piglets.

An open chamber technique for determination of methane emission from stored livestock manure

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The feasibility of an open chamber technique for measuring CH[4] emissions from farm scale pig slurry (PS) and pig solid manure (PSM) storages was examined. Emission rates were over-estimated considerably when the ratio between the area of the inlet and outlet ports was below 5 and 8 for chambers operated on PS and PSM, respectively. A first-order equation describing the chamber ventilation rate necessary to obtain steady state conditions showed high correlation with experimental data. For ventilation rates of 2-3 cm min[-1] steady state was established after 40-54 min. The CH[4] emission from PS was controlled by the transfer resistance in the liquid phase leading to a low effect of wind speed

Ammonia Emissions from Various Pig Housing Systems

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The ammonia emissions from different housing systems and animal species are presented and show that the higher emissions (g ammonia/ hour – livestock unit (500 kg bodyweight)) come from chicken production followed by fattening pigs on fully slatted floor( 2,38 g NH3/ h-LU). Fattening pigs on deep litter come third (2,15 g NH3/ h-LU) followed by fattening pigs on partly slatted floor (less than 50% of the floor surface slatted) (1,35 g NH3/ h-LU) . Lower emissions are measured in nurseries (1,3 g NH3/ h-LU) and farrowing buildings (0,65 g NH3/ h-LU for farrowing and 0,93 for served gilts for sows) as well as for cattle buildings. With the all in -all out technique, as the animal grow, the ventilation rate will also increase which is a factor for increasing ammonia emissions per building. The planning of air cleaning systems become than more complicated.