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Industry Partners
Prairie Swine Centre is an affiliate of the University of Saskatchewan
Prairie Swine Centre is grateful for the assistance of the George Morris Centre in developing the economics portion of Pork Insight.
Financial support for the Enterprise Model Project and Pork Insight has been provided by:
Odorous Compounds from Teated Pig Manure
Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1991 | No Comments
This experiment has been verifying the evolution of different odorous compounds under the treatments. Conclusion is made on odour changes however no direct measures on the odour has been done. Conclusion on the odour cannot be made, only on the variation of certain compounds.
The role of Ammonia as an Atmospheric Pollutant
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Ammonia plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and acid deposition. The pollution problem caused by ammonia has to be considered on an international basis as it is being transported over long distances. The importance of that acid deposition was not widely appreciated few years ago. More intensive livestock production and fertilizers uses have increased the ammonia emissions in Europe which come dominantly from agricultural activities. The fate of ammonia in the atmosphere is complicated. Modeling have been used to study the transport of ammonia and its interaction with other acidic compounds (H, Cl, HNO3 AND H2SO4).
Biologische Abgas-/Abluftreinigung – Biofilter. Biological Waste Gas/Waste Air Purification – Biofilters.
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This guideline provides information about cleaning waste gas/waste air (WGA) to reduce or eliminate certain pollutants and odours by biological treatment in biofilters. Biofiltration has been used successfully to purify emissions from many different type of industries or productions including livestock production and manure treatment. Many odorant components (organic compounds such as oxygen-containing compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulphide and ammonia) are degraded in an aerobic process by the activity of the micro-organisms settled on solid carrier substances. Compost, fibrous peat, heather, mixes of these of other organic substances and also lava or porous clay can be used and arranged in layer so the WGA can flow through and be sorbed onto the carrier substances surfaces where the micro-organisms can decomposed its components. To operate properly optimum conditions must be controlled in the biofilter such as WGA concentration and type, type, number and activity of the micro-organisms in the biofilter, temperature, moisture content of the WGA and pH-value. Proper design and construction should be done and particular attention should be given in dimensioning the biofilter and start up and maintenance procedures. The efficiency of the biofilter will be evaluated by the reduction of specific pollutant or of the odour emission using different techniques (gas chromatographic and spectrometric analysis) for the pollutants and olfactometry for the improvement in the odour (VDI 3881 and 3882). The biofilter supplier has to guarantee the assured properties for define operating conditions.
Biofilters are effective for WGA reduction. However this technology, even if not very complicated, involves quite a bit of following up to maintain the proper conditions for micro-organisms activity and WGA reduction. The investment and operation costs of biofilters have also to be evaluated and weighted in the possible solutions for WGA reduction. Important operation cost are associated with the use of biofilters for treatment of waste air from ventilated livestock building as important volume of air has to be blown through the filter.
A Review of the Control of Odour Nuisance from Livestock Buildings: Part 1, Influence of the Techniques for Managing Waste within the Building.
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This article makes a review of published information on the impact of waste management practices odour production and emission. After analysis of this information, recommandations are difficult to make regarding specific practices because of the shortage of objective odour measurements but recommandations on research can be done. Different livestock management factors have been analysed and reported such as waste removal, waste decomposition, floor design in the building, treatments done in the building to waste and bedding materials use but interactions between these factors confound the analysis. However the evidence points to frequent waste removal that would prevent anaerobic conditions that occur in the building. This would lead to odour control as some odourous compounds increase concentrations over 24h period of anaerobic storage conditions. The reduction of moisture content of the waste could apparently limit the anaerobic conditions development. This could explain why odour reduction has been linked to bedding material use. However adequate odour measurement data are needed to conclude on the waste management practices and the use of different bedding materials for odour reduction. Even if ammonia concentration in air and odour strenght doesn’t show good correlation (not proportional), measures that reduce ammonia concentration in building would also reduce odour and vice versa.
As reported by the authors, the published information is difficult to analyzed because the procedures to obtain the results are not standardised and the parameters measured are not always the same as odour strenght, odourus compounds concentrations, particular chemical compounds are used.
Minimizing Potential Human Health Risks Involved in Hog Farming
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Swine confinement buildings often do not have appropriate technologies to reduce the level of respirable indoor environmental contamination. A major cause of this environmental contamination is dust from feed, faecal material, molds, etc. Other causes include endotoxins and gases, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The goal is to first control these pollutants at the source, second, eliminate them once they are in the air and finally wearing dust masks or other such equipment to further reduce an individuala
Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields over 28 months
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Field studies conducted throughout the calendar year are needed to improve flux estimates for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, we report monthly N2O emissions
measured using micrometeorological techniques and a Tunable Diode Laser Trace Gas Analyzer (TDLTGA). Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured at the Elora Research Station (20 km north of Guelph, Ontario) from July to November 1992, and from March 1993 to February 1995, giving a total of 2445 daily averages obtained during the full length of the experiment. The soil at the experimental site was a Conestogo silt loam (Gleyed melanic brunisol). Several fields were monitored including fallow,
manured fallow, Kentucky bluegrass, alfalfa, barley, canola, soybeans and corn plots. Spring thaw emissions from fallow or ploughed plots measured from March to April ranged from 1.5 to 4.3 kg N haa