Nutrient Removal and Algal Succession during the Growth of Spirufina platensis and Scenedesmus quadricauda on Swine Wastewater

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1991 | No Comments

Respiratory health of workers exposed to swine confinement buildings and dairy barns.

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Hazards in confinement housing–gases and dusts in confined animal houses for swine, poultry, horses and humans

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A review of methods for estimating the role of dust deposition in removal of dust from livestock building airspaces.

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Four practical methods of estimating the rate of dust removal by deposition onto surfaces were examined. The most promising for use in occupied livestock buildings involves the measurement of steady-state dust levels under conditions of known rates of dust removal by ventilation or filtration. Practical experience and literature data on dust sedimentation rates suggest that dust deposition in pig buildings could be equivalent to at least spring/autumn ventilation rates, in terms of the rate at which dust is removed from the airspace.

Enironmental Considerations in Land Application of Animal Manure – Air Pollution

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Association of environmental air contaminants with disease and productivity in swine.

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A cross-sectional epidemiological study associating air quality with swine health was conducted on 28 pig farms in southern Sweden. Correlation of housing air environment to swine diseases and productivity (data collected over the preceding 12 months) were investigated. The most prevalent swine health problems detected at slaughter were pneumonia and pleuritis. During farrowing and in the postnatal period the most prevalent problem was neonatal pig mortality. Several air contaminants (dust, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and microbes) were correlated with these swine health problems. Maximum safe concentrations of air contaminants were estimated on the basis of dose-response correlation to swine health or human health problems. Recommended maximum concentrations of contaminants were: dust, 2.4 mg/m3, ammonia, 7 ppm; endotoxin, 0.08 mg/m3; total microbes, 105 colony-forming units/m3; and carbon dioxide, 1540 ppm. The overall quality of the ventilation system was correlated with lower concentration of ammonia, carbon dioxide, microorganisms, and endotoxin, but not with dust concentrations. High animal density was related to high ammonia and air microbe concentrations. Animal density measured as kilograms of swine per cubic meter (compared with kilograms of pig weight or swine per square meter) had the highest correlation to animal health and air contaminants.

A Full-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor Treatment of Dilute Swine Wastewater.

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The hydraulic retention time in the reactor was calculated to be 22,9 hours and the sludge was removed from the digestors every 14 days. The reactor was monitored regularly over a period of 25 weeks from March through August with ambient temperatures ranging from 12 to 38 C. This technology is promissing however more research has to be done to verify the behavior of the reactor during winter conditions. Verifications have also to be made for very cold temperature that can be observed in many areas in Canada.

Dust in hog growing facilities: a research update.

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Treatment of Liquid Swine Manure in the Sequencing Batch unde Aerobic and Anoxic Conditions

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The treatment as been done using a sequence of aeration and non-aeration periods. Test were done to verify the effect of the aeration – non-aeration period to find the optimal combination as limiting aeration result in a reduction in the energy consumption. Based on the result the anoxic (without aeration) period should not exceed 8 hours between fill and react sequences as the sludge settling process deteriorate and odour emissions can be a problem. This study showed that the air supply could be reduced by 42% without affecting the performances. No statistical analysis of the results is presented so it is difficult to evaluate if the difference between the tests done are significant.

Measurement and impact of agricultural odors from a large scale swine production farm

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1990 | No Comments