Management of Odors Associated with Livestock Production

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1975 | No Comments

See the summary of: Controlling Odors from Livestock Production Facilities: State-Of-The-Art. 1981. Miner, J.R. But this publication doesn’t cover the management practices and design to control odors.

The Use of Dried Bacteria Cultures and Enzymes to Control Odor and Liquefy Organic Waste Found in Hog, Dairy and Poultry Producing Units as Well as Lagoons

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Big Dutchman Improved Odor Control has been tested in four separate tests to evaluate the capacity of the product in reducing odours and liquefying the organic waste fund in the slurry. Visible changes in the manure could be observed and analysis done showed that the product would bring liquefaction of hog manure.

No real analysis is done on the odour at the exception probably of a qualitative evaluation for which no results are presented. This test was done only in two swine buildings, a treated one and a non-treated one, the control. This is not sufficient to be able to draw conclusion.

Odor Control of Liquid Dairy and Swine Manure Using Chemical and Biological Treatments

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The short term control experiments showed effective odour and sulfide reduction from the treatment of swine manure with hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and potassium permanganate dosed at 500 ppm. The most cost effective one being hydrogen peroxide. Long term control experiments done with dried enzymes, dried bacteria and orthodichlorobenzene did not reduced the odour nor the sulfide.

The rating technique was used in this experiment to evaluate the odour changes with the treatment.

Identification and Measurement of Volatile Compounds Within a Swine Building and Measurement of Ammonia Evolution Rates From Manure-Covered Surfaces

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Air samples are taken in the vicinity of livestock production facilities and trapped for chromatographic and mass spectrographic analyses. From samples taken in swine buildings, thirty different compounds were identify and for eight of them the concentration was determined. A sampling box has also been developped for ammonia emission measurements from earth, building, and treatment surfaces. This sampling box allows also for total gaseous emission capture for a define area and a specific sampling period.
Details are given on the equipments and methodology used.

Correlating odour intensity index and odorous components in stored dairy manure

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Odors associated with animal production are a problem of increasing significance. Conflicts resulting from livestock and poultry odors emphasize the need for a better understanding of odor production and control. Four reactor units that stored dairy manure were used in this study. Supernatant was drawn from the manure. Total volatile organic acids were determined by a variation of the dilution method. An odor panel was established and an odor intensity index was established using the triangle test. The odor panel surveyed the flasks and filled out an answer sheet. Of the three odorants involved, the odor intensity index correlated best with volatile organic acid concentration, next best with hydrogen sulphide and poorest with ammonia.

Some waste problems in pig production

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Identification of gases in a confinement swine building atmosphere

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1972 | No Comments

The swine confinement farmer must contend with two related problems, that of odour control, and of waste disposal. Odour problems can be related directly to manure handling methods. When manure is quickly removed away from the animals, they and the building remain cleaner and odour is reduced. Sources of odour are introduced when the manure is stored nearby, or below the animal quarters.
It is important to control these odours to avoid a variety of problems. These include community complaints, the possible toxicicity of these gases on human and animal health, and lastly to avoid and possible structural damage. This study examines the constituents of the gaseous atmosphere inside the confinement building, particularly those derived from the breakdown of the animal wastes. The odour properities and toxicity to health is then taken into consideration.

Olfactometry Measurement of Animal Manure Odor

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Olfactometry measurements were done using a scale from 0 to 10 to rate the odour on offensiveness (quality and strength) and presence (intensity or strength). Olfactometry tests were done directly on manure samples and control samples that were not visible to the panel members. The results showed that the rating method provides valuable information for comparing manure handling and treatment systems. The results should be used for comparison only.

This provides interesting information on olfactometry at its beginning.

Shallow Injection of Hog Manure into Grassland

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The objective of the study was 1) to evaluate the practicality of shallow injection of hog manure into typical grassland stands in Saskatchewan, 2) to determine the effect hog manure has on forage yields, quality and nitrate levels, at various application rates and 3) to determine the effect on soil nutrients under various hog manure application rates.
The effect of manure on increasing N availability is shown in the increases in plant N uptake with manure application. There was a significant increase in plant N uptake at all locations and at all rates when compared to the control. The yields in plots treated with hog manure were 1.5 to 4 times higher than the control plots in all years and locations. Grassland stands appear to be well suited for the practical application of hog manure in an environmentally friendly manner. The most economical application strategy appeared to be that of applying 74,000 L/ha every other year.
As a result of this study a commercial coulter liquid hog manure applicator system was developed. This system will dramatically increase the land base suitable for liquid hog manure injection and will provide a much longer window of application and reduce likelihood of surface water contamination and nitrogen loss to the atmosphere. This method also did not increase the weed density of treated plots over the controls.
An issue of safety to consider is that studies have shown that high nitrate concentrations in feed have been implicated in the sudden death of livestock animals. Therefore, prudent producers should ensure that a proper forage quality analysis is carried out before any forage is used as feedstuff. Therefore more research needs to be done, as there is not enough data at this point in time.

Bioaerosol releases from compost facilities: evaluating passive and active source terms at a green waste facility for improved risk assessments

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