Understanding and Applying Nutrition Concepts to Reduce Nutrient Excretion in Swine

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This paper discusses general strategies to reduce nutrient excretion and describes specific methods to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus and micro-mineral excretion. General nutritional strategies to reduce nutritional excretion include feed efficiency, feed wastage, matching nutrient requirements and feed manufacturing. Methods to reduce nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions would include selecting ingredients with highly digestible amino acid content, and putting the swine on low protein diets. Methods to reduce phosphorus excretion are formulations of diets based on the available phosphorus content and selection of ingredients with high phosphorus availability as that can lead to a reduction in phosphorus excretion. Another method is increasing the digestibility of phosphorus by the use of phytase. A method to reduce the excretion of micro-minerals is eliminating high zinc and copper feeding in the nursery phase.
The most cost effective methods that appear to be relatively easy to implement are reducing feed wastage, separate sex and phase feeding, and formulating diets based on nutrient availability. The use of phytase, low-phytate corn and low-protein diets could reduce nitrogen and phosphorus excretions substantially, but are likely to add additional cost to the diet.

Strategy Employed Reduction in Nutrient Excretion

Pelleting 5% for N and P
Reducing Feed Waste 1.5% for all nutrients for ever 1% reduction
Matching Nutrient Requirements 6 to 15% for all nutrients
(phase or separate-sex feeding)
Formulation on availability 10% for N and P
Low-Protein Diets 9% for N for every 1% reduction in CP
Phytase 25 to 50% for P
Low-Phytate Corn 35 to 40% for P
Reducing Micro-Minerals Up to 50%

Emission of global environment load gases from animal waste management

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Animal waste management systems are major sources of trace gases contributing to en-vironmental problems at local to global scales. Ammonia (NH3) volatilization can lead to soil acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are greenhouse gases that contribute to the global warming. The NH3 emissions occur from housing, during manure storage, after manure application and from grazing animals, and they vary with manure type, composition, manure handling and meteoro-logical conditions. Methane is emitted during storage of both liquid and solid manure and results from anaerobic fermentation processes. Nitrous oxide can be formed via the processes nitrification and denitrification, which oxidize NH4+ and reduce NO3-, respec-tively. Nitrous oxide is produced in suitable environments with both aerobic and an-aerobic phases and may escape to the atmosphere before being reduced to N2. Emissions occur from stored animal manure and from the soil after field application of manure. There are a number of options for reducing emissions of NH3, CH4 and N2O. These in-clude both technical and management changes. The most effective mitigation options appear to be those measures that target several gases simultaneously. An example is the use of anaerobic digestion of manure which, provided proper operating conditions, can reduce CH4 and N2O emissions during storage while also reducing NH3 and N2O emis-sions after field application and substituting fossil fuel.

Nutrient Management Practices in Alberta

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Albertaa

Enviro- Loan

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Good environmental practices can be profitable in the long term. Thata

Variable Rate Manure Spreader: Technology to Validate a Nutrient Management Plan

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Federal and state regulations require reporting of manure application to cropland and imply that calibration of equipment must be carried out to some (unspecified) level of accuracy. Furthermore, there are areas within many fields where application of manure is not allowed at all; automatic shutoff of equipment when entering those setback areas is needed. To control for all of the factors involved, a variable flow control is necessary as they can reduce the time spent in field calibration, give more accurate results with as-applied verification, reduce commercial fertilizer inputs and provide a higher level of accountability in implementing nutrient management plans. The objectives of this project were to 1) develop a reliable, low-cost prototype variable rate slurry application rate control system for a vacuum loaded tanker and 2) develop a rational strategy for determining the expected accuracy of a variable rate manure delivery system.
The prototype developed could be used for existing tankers or for towed-hose applicators as an add-on lower cost control system linking ground speed sensing with magnetic flow meter installations. The pneumatic pinch valve might also be used as a A

Linking Corn Production, Climate Information and Farm-Level Decision-Making: A Case Study in Isabela, Philippines

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Corn is the second most important crop in the Philippines in terms of total area planted
and overall value next only to rice. Yellow corn is the most important corn type in the
Philippines, and is primarily used as feed especially for poultry and swine. In 2003,
more than 844 885 ha of agricultural land in the Philippines were planted to yellow
corn.
Isabela is the top corn-producing province in the Philippines contributing 17% or
536 353 tons of the countrya

An Analysis of the Horticulture Industry as a Potential Value-Added Market for Compost

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Delivering Climate Forecast Products to Farmers: Ex Post Assessment of Impacts of Climate Information on Corn Production Systems in Isabela, Philippines

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Corn production is the principal source of family income for about 24 million Filipinos.
Isabela Province, located in one of the most depressed regions in northern Philippines,
is considered the top corn-producing province in the country contributing
17% or 536 353 tons of the total yellow corn production in the country. Corn is grown
rainfed in Isabela. Monocropping of corn is predominantly practiced in Isabela and
there are two cropping seasons per year a

Will Voluntary and Educational Programs Meet Environmental Objectives? Evidence from a Survey of New York Dairy Farms

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BIOFILTER MEDIA MIXTURE RATIO OF WOOD CHIPS AND COMPOST TREATING SWINE ODORS

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