Bacteria nad Nutrient Transport to Tile Lines Shortly After Application of Large Volumes of Liquid Swine Manure

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1999 | No Comments

This study focused on the potential bacteria and nutrient contanimation of subsurface agricultural drainage with differing manure application rates on different types of tillage practices. Manure was surface applied to conventional and no-till practices at rates of 2.8 cm and 8.3 cm. The subsurface drainage water was analyzed for volume, pathogenic bacteria and nutrient concentrations. The results indictate higher manure applicaton rates produce higher levels of nutrient and bacteria containimation within 1 hour of application. The conventional tillage operation seemed to have a lower level of contaimination, resulting from reduced macropore flow from the tillage operation.

Phosphorus Practices for Animal Waste Application Fields

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Most management plans have been balanced for nitrogen plant uptake, however this can lead to elevated soil phosphorus (P) levels with repeated manure applications. Elevated P levels in water sources can lead to eutrophiication, which occurs when there is an abundant source of nutrients in the water source. To aid in decreasing the impact of phosphorus on water sources, a phosphorus risk index (PRI) was develoeped for manure management on dairy operations in North Central Texas. The objective of the PRI was designed to evaluate the risk of P movement from manured fields, identify areas with high potential for P runoff, determine causes of P risk and measure the change in risk over time with changes in P management strategies.

The PRI uses nine weighted indexing parameters that reflect the importance of each factors contribution in the potential risk of P runoff. These include: proximaity to waterbodies, erosion potential of the site, runoff potential of the site, soil test phosphorus levels, manure application rate, manure application method, timing of manure application, vegatative management, grazing management. Each parameter was also assigned a risk category for P runoff as very low, low, medium, high or very high. Individual tracts of land were rated according to the above parameters and given a risk assesment score, and this score corresponded to a relative risk category. This indexing procedure helps to identify potential P problems with potential fields and oulinres best management practices to address P concerns, and aid in the development of nutrient management plans.

Removal of Malodorous Componds from Liquid Swine Manure by Subsurface Constructed Wetlands in a Greenhouse

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The relationship between two wetland systems (planted, unplanted) and their relationship to concentration of three malodorous compounds (dimethyl disulfide, ethyl acetate, p – cresol) was studied. Eight subsurface flow wetlands (4 planted, 4 unplanted) were treated liquid swine manure that was filtered through bark bed in order to reduce the total solids content. A human sensory panel was set up to evaluate the wetland effluent odour, and the reduction of the malodrous gas compounds was quantified using gas chromatography.

ANOVA analysis revealed a significant decrease in malodrous compounds in the planted wetland plots relative to the unplanted plots. On average, the planted wetlands removed between 60 – 80% of malodorous compounds, while the unplanted plost remobed between 35 – 70%. Sign tests of the odour anel indicate the intensity level ranking was <1 for the planted wetland structure, signifying no objectional effluent smell from the filtered swine wetland effluent.. In conclusion, planted wetlands outperformed unplanted wetlands at removing malodorous compounds from liquid swine manure and producing wetland effluent that was not objectional to the sensory panel.

Contract Hog Production and Environmental Management in the Southern United States

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Development of a Treatment Technology using Lime, Lime-clay Combination and Plant Derived Phyto chemicals for Eliminating Odour from Hog Operations

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Many products currently on the market are designed to mask the odour or deodorize the air rather than affect the actual production. This study describes a technology which acts on the root cause of these odours a

Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales

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The Role of Sask Pork Chair in Environmental Engineering

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Responses of horses to trailer design, duration, and floor area during commercial transportation to slaughter.

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Animal welfare and intensive production of turkey broilers.

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The effect of stress, applied immediately before stunning, on pork quality.

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A study was conducted to determine the effects of a short period of additional stress applied just prior to stunning, on the subsequent meat quality of slaughtered pigs (113 boars, 85 gilts). Pigs were brought to the stunning pen as same-sex pairs. One pig was stunned immediately, while the other was forced around the pen, with the occasional use of an electric prod, for an additional minute before stunning. The additional time and handling in the stunning area was sufficiently stressful to induce meat quality problems in the carcasses (lower pH, greater rigor, water holding capacity). There was a significant stress x sex interaction, with females being more responsive to stress than the males.