Finite Element Modelingof Soil Compaction by Liquid Manure Spreaders

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1993 | No Comments

To lower the soil compaction induced by the passage of manure spreaders, decreasing the inflation pressure of the tires to the minimum value recommended by the manufacturer seems to be a valid approach that could reduce soil compaction by almost 10%. For Quebec’s soil conditions and climate and in order to minimize soil compaction, spreaders with conventional tandem bogie running gear used should not exceed a capacity of 13,7 cubic meters.

Twenty-four-hour feed withdrawal and limited feeding as alternative methods for induction of molt in laying hens.

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Microbial Processes in Deep-litter Systems for Fattening Pigs and Emission of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide.

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The total nitrogen emissions as NH3, NO and N2O were greater for both deep litter systems compared to traditional. Optimum condition are difficult to obtain (moisture, oxygen transfer, bed temperature, microbial activity).

Ammonia Volatilization from Liquid Hog Manure: Influence of Aeration and Trapping Systems

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A Model to Describe the Effect of Nutrition on Growth, Body Composition and Nitrogen Excretion in Pigs

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All the different relations used to build the model are presented. However no results simulation results are presented to compare with what happen in real situations.

Nutrient Balances in Calcareous Soils After Application of Different Rates of Pig Slurry

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This experiment was made in small pots and for a short period of time, conditions that are not quite comparable to real, in the field, conditions where changes can occur in the soil profile. For manure applied at a rate of 100 m3/ha around 365 kg N/ha and 60 kg P/ha and 455 kg N/ha and 65 kg P/ha are than applied to the soil.

Recommended Code of Practice for the care and handling of farm animals, pigs.

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This voluntary code is intended for use by producers, industry personnel, scientists, educators, and animal welfare groups to encourage all involved to practice and promote sound animal care. It attempts to define high standards for pig production and handling that promote animal well-being. However, the recommendations do not claim to be comprehensive for all circumstances.

Providing competent handling and environment that allows pigs to fulfill their basic needs are crucial elements in putting this code into practice. The basic elements of responsible animal care include provision for the following:
A

The Influence of Various Pig Housing Systems and Dietary Protein Levels on the Amount of Ammonia Emissions in the Case of Fattening Pigs.

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5 pig houses were chosen for a total of 2600 pigs from 25 to 115kg liveweight. Ammonia emissions are collected and trapped for each day separately. The results show that for the buildings were the ventilation extracted the air from under the slatted floor, the difference between the treatments were not significant as the air movement was higher close to the manure. Differences obtained between farms are difficult to explain on the base of the design as emissions vary within the same type of floor, partly slatted, for different sir supply technique. In some cases the ambient temperature had probably an effect on the emissions. Significant differences come from the treatments with lower ammonia emission obtained with the treatment B (lower CP diet) the results being for the lower 10,0 g NH4-N/pig-day for A and 8 for B in same farm (ventilation and systems identical, partly slatted and above floor ventilation with air supplies coming from doors) and the highest being 22 g NH4-N/pig-day for A and 12 for B with in a building fully slatted with the Optimavent fresh air intake system.

No statistical analysis was done on the housing systems so it is difficult to know if the differences are significant or not. And no explanation for the variation between the different building systems is done. No enough information is given to explain those variations. Further, no information is given on ventilation rates which can have an effect on ammonia emissions as high ventilation rates will result in higher air movement and higher emissions.

Development of an Industrial Process Technology for the Manufacturing of Lysine from Pig Manure

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Laboratory and small scale experiments showed that about 75% of the nitrogen present in the manure can be converted to lysine. Mineral excesses have to be extracted to complete the treatment process. Those processes are presented but not many results are shown and no information is given on the investment and operation cost.

Optimisation of the Feeding Strategy to Minimize the N-excretion by Using the Dutch Technical Pig Feeding Model

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The model developed predict the influences of many parameters on pig growth for the growing and fattening periods. The impact of the feed composition can be simulated on N and P excretion. The simulation results showed that for the growing-finishing period, the multi-phase feeding system ( a mix of 16% and 13% crude protein diets adjusted every week to satisfy the pigs’ requirements according to their growth stage) could reduce the N excretion by 15% compared to the two-phase feeding system (one feed for the growing period and another for the fattening period).