Effets du lisier de porc sur la charge d'azote et de phosphore dans l'eau de ruissellement sous des pluies simulees

Posted in: Environment by admin on January 1, 1993 | No Comments

As the experiments were done in laboratory, the results have to be considered with caution. The real values obtained may not be applicable for fields situations however the general behavior is likely to be the same. Manure injection reduce the phosphorus and nitrogen load in the runoff at the same level than with no manure application. However when the manure is applied on the soil surface, the nutrients load in the runoff increase with the application rate and is higher when the rain occurs soon after spreading. Also the longer the rain will be the losses of ammoniacal -N will than be more important as the contact time of the water and the manure is longer. In order to reduce the nutrient losses particularly for the nitrogen, the application rates should be as low as possible and the spreading should be done at least 1 day before a rain and manure should also be injected or incorporated.

Acute exposure to swine dust causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness in healthy subjects

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dust, methacholine, exposure, bronchial

Nitrogen Balances of Two Deep Litter Systems for Finishing Pigs

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This publication presents the nitrogen transformation with the equations representing the reactions. Ammonia emissions are found to be equal to the ones of traditional housing during the 10 months testing. However the NO2 emissions were four times higher. Data on N2 and NO2 productions would be useful for a complet nitogen balance in livestock buildings.

The Effect of Continuous Aerobic Treatment on the Fate of the Nitrogen Component in Piggery Slurry

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Nitrogen losses to up to 70% of the original nitrogen content can occur during aerobic treatments. If nitrification does not occur, for example for treatment of less than 3 days, the nitrogen losses will be one under the form of ammonia emissions. The nitrifying activity is encouraged by long aeration treatments of more than 3 days. Up to 70 % of the nitrogen present originally in the slurry can be nitrified (as nitrite and nitrate). However if the ventilation conditions are not maintained, denitrification process will occur and N losses can be over 10% of the original nitrogen present in the slurry.

Use of biotechnology and feed additives

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The results presented come from different experiments and show the potential of feed additives as a way to improve growth rate, protein digestion efficiency and amino acids utilization . More research has to be done on many of those dietary additives in order to make sure that they can be used currently in swine production with no short or long term consequences on humans and environment.

Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Controlled Environment Dairy Barn

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Feeding value of various wheat samples for pigs

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Knowledge of the feeding value of the various ingredients in swine diets is important for accurate feed formulation and to estimate the value of these ingredients. Typically, it is not very accurate to use average values to estimate feed values of individual ingredient samples. The 1992 Saskatchewan crop is an example of how nutrient value can vary and was expected to vary considerably because of weather conditions. This crop presented a unique opportunity to estimate feeding value in different samples of various cereal grains, and more importantly, to identify relationships between feeding value and simple repeatable measurements on representative sub-samples. A study was conducted to determine feeding value of 16 different wheat samples for growing pigs.
Sixteen wheat samples expected to vary in feed value were collected in Saskatchewan. Each sample was submitted for chemical analysis to determine dry matter, energy, protein, amino acid, starch, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and ash content. The samples were also evaluated in a digestibility study to determine digestible energy content and digestibility of various nutrients. Of the 16 samples, 14 samples had been exposed to drought during the growing season. Differences in nutrient content between extreme samples were close to 30% for protein, 30% for lysine and 10% for digestible energy content. The durum wheat sample evaluated seemed quite different than the other wheat samples, and was therefore excluded from most of the statistical analysis. The current studies support the anticipated variation in feeding value between the different wheat samples of the 1992 crop in Saskatchewan.

Continous Ammonia and Ventilation rate measurement to evaluate an Ammonia Sensor in Field Conditions

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More work need to be done for field condition calibration and evaluation of the sensor. Ammonia could become a parameter in the ventilation control when a sensor become reliable. However it is mentioned that ammonia emission could be reduced by an appropriate ventilation rate which would probably be lowered. There could be contradiction between the reduction of ammonia and good ambient conditions which often require relatively high ventilation rates (depending on the conditions).

Simulation of Manure Flows on a Farm Level

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The model can be used by policy makers to see the impact of new regulations, by researchers to estimate the impact of new techniques developed for manure spreading or housing systems, by advisers to help farmers optimize their production techniques and see the impact of possible modifications in manure management or housing systems.

The effect of porcine somatotropin on nitrogen utilization and nitrogen losses in growing pigs

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The use of somatotropin is not allowed presently in Canada. However the results on N retention obtained with the use of this hormone are very interesting and could lead to better overall performances and reduction of the N excreted. The cost involved with the use of this hormone is not given.