In the latter part of the twentieth century, animal agriculture underwent a major transition to intensive livestock operations. These operations are more economically viable and provide food at
a lower cost to the consumer. Efficient livestock operations now enable each farmer to feed many more people than in the past.
Many livestock operations achieve efficiency by raising large numbers of animals in smaller spaces.While providing for most of the animals’ needs, some of these confinement production systems restrict their movement. They may also limit the ability of animals to exhibit some normal behaviours.
The Canadian Agri-Food Research Council developed the Recommended Codes of Practices for the Care and
Handling of Livestock. The Codes are based on technical input from producers, animal scientists,
veterinarians, and representatives of the humane movement. These Codes are part of the regulations in The Animal Care Act of Manitoba. As such, they specify the guidelines for livestock production pertaining to the treatment of animals. The Act also outlines the “Duties of the Owner” regarding
responsible animal care. Producers who fail to comply with the Act may be subject to prosecution in Manitoba.