The number of doses per boar ejaculate is important for determining the efficiency of artificial insemination. Per year, an average boar can service 600 to 750 sows. In order to increase the sperm output per ejaculate, researchers have been experimenting with fatty acids and vitamin E, with fairly good success. It has shown to give 100 more piglets per 100 sows tested. Methods are being discovered to reduce the number of sperm per dose from 2.5 – 3.0 billion down to 20 million! This is done by deep intra-uterine insemination, where insemination occurs past the cervix and into the uterus. Treatment with PGF2 can increase the uterine contractions/sperm uptake, which could potentially result in less sperm required per dose. Pinpoint time of ovulation is also being studied in order to enable a single, successful insemination. In order to reduce semen wastage, work is being done to enhance extender to allow a longer shelf life and tolerability to lower temperatures, and in turn research is being conducted to identify successful methods of freezing semen. If producers were able to sex the sperm it would help the breeding pyramid of the operation.